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ASME PTC 47 06 2006

ASME PTC 47 06 2006

$98.04

ASME PTC 47 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Plants

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2006 102
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PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
5 FIGURES
TABLES
NONMANDATORY APPENDICES
6 NOTICE
7 FOREWORD
8 COMMITTEE ROSTER
10 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC 47 COMMITTEE
11 INTRODUCTION
14 Section 1 Object and Scope
1-1 OBJECT
1-2 SCOPE
1-3 UNCERTAINTY
15 1-3 Largest Expected Test Uncertainties
16 Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms
2-1 DEFINITIONS
23 2-2 SYMBOLS USED IN EQUATIONS
2-3 SUBSCRIPTS USED IN EQUATIONS
24 Section 3 Guiding Principles
3-1 INTRODUCTION
3-2 TEST BOUNDARY AND REQUIRED MEASUREMENTS
3-2.1 Defining the Test Boundary
3-2.2 Identify Energy Streams Related to the Calculation of the Test Results
3-2.3 Identify Required Measurements and Determine the Required Accuracy of Measurement
25 3-2.2-1 IGCC Plants With Air Separation Unit
3-2.2-2 IGCC Plants Without Air Separation Unit (Air-Blown, or Oxygen-Blown With Separate ASU)
26 3-2.4 Primary and Secondary Measurements
3-3 TEST PLAN
3-4 TEST PREPARATIONS
3-4.1 Test Apparatus
3-4.2 Redundant Instrumentation
3-4.3 Equipment Inspection
3-4.4 Preliminary Testing
27 3-5 CONDUCT OF TEST
3-5.1 Valve Lineup/Cycle Isolation
3-5.2 Proximity of Design Conditions
3-5.3 Stabilization
3-5.4 Starting Criteria
3-5.5 Stopping Criteria
3-5.6 Durations of Runs
3-5.7 Number of Test Runs
3-5.8 Number of Readings
28 3-5.2-1 Guidance for Establishing Permissible Deviations From Design
29 3-5.9 Constancy of Test Conditions
3-6 CALCULATION AND REPORTING OF RESULTS
3-6.1 Causes for Rejection of Test Runs
3-6.2 Uncertainty
3-6.3 Application of Correction Methods
3-5.2-2 Typical Stabilization Times and Recommended Test Run Durations
30 Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement
4-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4-1.1 Introduction
4-1.2 Calibration and Reference Standards
4-1.3 Instrument Ranges and Calibration Points
4-1.4 Calibration Drift
4-1.5 Loop Calibration
4-2 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
31 4-2.1 Air and Gas: Static and Differential Pressure
4-2.2 Steam and Water: Static and Differential Pressure
4-2.3 Barometric Pressure
4-3 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
4-3.1 Acceptable Temperature Measurement Devices
4-3.1.1 Mercury-in-Glass Thermometers.
4-3.1.2 Thermocouples.
32 4-3.1.3 Resistance Temperature Device RTD.
4-3.1.4 Thermistors.
4-3.2 Calibration of Primary Variable Temperature Measurement Devices
4-3.1.3-1 Four-Wire RTDs
4-3.1.3-2 Three-Wire RTDs
33 4-3.3 Typical Applications
4-3.3.1 Temperature Measurement of Fluid in a Pipe or Vessel.
4-3.3.2 Temperature Measurement of Low Pressure Fluid in a Pipe or Vessel.
4-3.3.3 Temperature Measurement in Large Conduits.
4-3.3.3.1 Rectangular Ducts.
4-3.3.2 Flow-Through Well
34 4-3.3.3.2 Circular Ducts.
4-3.3.4 Inlet Dry Bulb Air Temperature.
4-3.3.5 Inlet Air Moisture Content.
35 4-3.3.3.1 Sampling Grids for Rectangular Ducts
36 4-3.3.3.2 Sampling Grid for Circular Ducts
37 4-4 SOLIDS FLOW MEASUREMENT
4-4.1 Solid Fuel and Sorbent Flow Measurement
4-4.1.1 Method of Measurement.
4-4.1.2 Estimate of Systematic Error.
4-4.2 Residue Splits By-Product Ash and Slag
4-4.2.1 Method of Measurement.
38 4-4.1.2 Typical Systematic Uncertainty for Flow Measurements
39 4-4.2.2 Estimating Systematic Error.
4-4.3 Solid Fuel and Sorbent Sampling
4-4.3.1 Methods of Solid Sampling.
4-4.3.2 Sample Size.
40 4-4.4 Residue Sampling By-Product Ash and Slag
4-4.4.1 General.
4-4.4.2 Systematic Error for Residue Sampling.
4-4.4.3 Fly Ash Sampling Methods.
4-4.4.4 Bottom Ash Sampling Methods.
41 4-4.4.5 Other Residue Stream Sampling Methods.
4-4.5 Sorbent and Residue Analysis
4-4.5.1 Systematic Uncertainty for Sorbent and Residue Analysis.
4-4.5.2 Methods of Solid Fuel Analysis.
4-4.5.3 Methods of Sorbent and Residue Analysis.
4-4.6 Sulfur and Sulfuric Acid Measurement
4-5 LIQUID FLOW MEASUREMENT
4-5.1 Water and Steam
4-5.1.1 Water Flow.
4-5.1.2 Flow Section.
4-5.1.3 Other Flow Measuring Devices.
42 4-4.5.2-1 Typical ASTM Standard Test Repeatability for Coal and Coke Properties
43 4-5.1.4 Water Flow Characteristics.
4-5.1.5 Steam Flow Characteristics.
4-5.1.6 Secondary Measurements.
4-5.1.7 Enthalpy Drop Method for Steam Flow Determination.
4-4.5.2-2 Typical Systematic Uncertainty for Limestone Properties
44 4-5.1.8 Additional Flow Measurements
4-5.2 Liquid Fuel
4-6 GASEOUS FLOW MEASUREMENT
4-6.1 Gaseous Fuel
4-6.1.1 Calculation of Natural Gas Fuel Flow Using an Orifice.
45 4-6.1.2 Turbine Meters for Natural Gas Fuel Flow Measurement.
4-6.1.3 Digital Computation of Fuel Flow Rate.
4-6.2 Syngas Fuel or Product
4-5.2 Typical ASTM Standard Test Repeatability for Fuel Oil Properties
46 4-7 MATERIAL ANALYSIS
4-7.1 Sample Collection
4-7.2 Analytical Techniques
4-8 INPUT AND OUTPUT HEAT MEASUREMENT
4-8.1 Direct Measurement Method
4-8.1.1 Dry Solid Fuels.
47 4-8.1.2 Fuel Slurries.
4-8.1.3 Biomass.
4-8.1.4 Consistent Liquid or Gaseous Fuels.
4-8.1.5 Export Syngas.
4-8.2 Indirect Measurement Method
4-9 ELECTRICAL GENERATION MEASUREMENT
48 4-9.1 Electric Measurement System Connections
4-9.1.1 Three-Wire Power Systems.
4-9.1.2 Four-Wire Power Systems.
4-9.1 Metering Method Restrictions Summary
49 4-9.1.1 Three-Wire Metering Systems
50 4-9.2 Instrument Transformers
4-9.2.1 Voltage Transformers.
4-9.1.2 Four-Wire Metering Systems: Connections for Three Wattmeters or One Three-Element Watt-Hour Meter
51 4-9.2.2 Current Transformers.
4-9.2.3 Instrument Transformer Connections.
4-9.2.4 Precautions in the Use of Instrument Transformers.
4-9.2.5 Utilization of Existing Plant Instrument Transformers.
4-9.3 Electrical Metering Equipment
52 4-9.3.1 Wattmeters.
4-9.3.2 Watt-Hour Meters.
4-9.3.3 Var Meters.
4-9.3.4 Var-Hour Meters.
4-9.3.5 Power Factor Meters.
4-9.3.6 Existing Power Plant Instrumentation.
4-9.4 Electrical Metering Equipment Calibration
4-9.4.1 Watt and Watt-Hour Meter Calibration.
53 4-9.4.2 Var and Var-Hour Meter Calibration.
4-9.5 Excitation Power Measurement
4-9.5.1 Derivation From Breaker Currents.
4-9.5.2 Derivation From Field Voltage and Current.
4-9.6 Electrical Power Calculations
4-9.6.1 Introduction.
4-9.6.2 Electrical Measurement System Connections.
54 4-9.6.3 Excitation Power Calculation.
4-9.6.4 Instrument Transformers.
4-9.6.5 Calculation of Corrected Primary Power.
55 4-10 COLLECTION AND HANDLING
4-10.1 Data Collection and Calculation Systems
4-10.1.1 Data Collection Systems.
4-10.1.2 Data Calculation Systems.
4-10.2 Data Management
4-10.2.1 Storage of Data.
4-10.2.2 Manually Collected Data.
4-10.2.3 Distribution of Data.
4-10.3 Construction of Data Collection Systems
4-10.3.1 Design of Data Collection System Hardware.
4-10.3.2 Calibration of Data Collection Systems.
56 4-10.3.3 Use of Existing Plant Measurement and Control System.
57 Section 5 Calculations and Results
5-1 TEST RESULT EQUATIONS
5-1.1 Primary Results
5-1.1.1 Corrected Net Power.
58 5-1.1.2 Corrected Primary Fuel Input.
5-1.2 Secondary Inputs
5-1.2.1 Corrected Secondary Fuel Input.
5-1.2.2 Corrected Import Steam Energy.
59 5-1.3 Exports
5-1.3.1 Corrected Synthesis Gas Energy.
5-1.3.2 Corrected Export Steam Energy.
5-1.3.3 Corrected Export Process Water Energy.
60 5-1.3.4 Corrected Export Compressed Air Energy.
5-1.3.5 Corrected By-Product Energy.
5-1.4 Derived Results
61 5-1.4.1 Corrected Heat Rate.
5-1.4.2 Corrected Electric Efficiency.
5-1.4.3 Thermal Efficiency.
5-2 CALCULATED DERIVED TERMS
5-2.1 Net Power
62 5-2.2 Primary Fuel Input
5-2.3 Secondary Fuel Energy Input
5-2.4 Import Energy Streams
63 5-2.5 Export Energy Streams
5-2.6 By-Product Energy Streams
5-3 MEASURED TERMS
64 5-4 CORRECTIONS
5-3 List of Measured Terms
65 5-4.1 Influencing Parameters
5-4.2 Correction Methods
66 5-4.2.1 Correction Models.
5-4.2.2 Correction Factors.
67 5-4.2.3 Hybrid Corrections.
5-4.2.4 Correction Selection.
5-4.2.2-1 Additive and Multiplicative Correction Factors
68 5-4.2.2-2 Additive Correction Terms
5-4.2.2-3 Multiplicative Correction Terms
69 Section 6 Report of Results
6-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6-2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6-3 INTRODUCTION
6-4 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
6-5 INSTRUMENTATION
70 6-6 CONCLUSIONS
6-7 APPENDICES
72 A UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
A-1 INTRODUCTION
A-2 OBJECTIVES OF UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
A-3 DETERMINATION OF OVERALL UNCERTAINTY
73 A-4 SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENTS
A-5 SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY
A-6 STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE MEAN FOR SPATIALLY UNIFORM PARAMETERS
74 A-7 PRECISION INDEX FOR SPATIALLY NONUNIFORM PARAMETERS
75 B SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR AIR-BLOWN IGCC
B-1 CYCLE DESCRIPTION
B-2 TEST BOUNDARY
B-3 TEST REFERENCE CONDITIONS
76 B-4 BASIC EQUATIONS
B-5 REQUIRED CORRECTIONS
B-6 CALCULATION METHOD
B-7 CORRECTION CURVES AND FITTED EQUATIONS
B-7.1 Process Steam Flow Correction See Fig. BÃ7.1
B-7.2 Condenser Pressure Correction See Fig. B-7.2
B-7.3 Ambient Temperature Correction Factor See Fig. B-7.3
B-7.4 Barometric Pressure Correction Factor See Fig. B-7.4
87 C SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR OXYGEN-BLOWN IGCC INCLUDING ASU
C-1 CYCLE DESCRIPTION
88 C-2 TEST BOUNDARY
C-2.1 Measured Streams
C-2.2 Other Measured Parameters
C-3 TEST REFERENCE CONDITIONS
C-4 CORRECTION FACTORS
89 C-4.1 Additive Corrections to Power
C-4.2 Multiplicative Corrections to Power
C-4.3 Multiplicative Corrections to Primary Fuel Input
C-4.4 Specific Form of Correction Equations
C-5 CORRECTION CURVES AND FITTED EQUATIONS
C-5.1 Cooling Tower Inlet Air Temperature Correction to Power See Fig. C-5.1
90 C-5.2 Cooling Tower Inlet Air Humidity Correction to Power See Fig. C-5.2
C-5.3 Gas Turbine Inlet Air Temperature Correction to Power See Fig. C-5.3
C-5.4 Gas Turbine Inlet Air Pressure Correction to Net Power See Fig. C-5.4
C-5.5 Primary Fuel Heating Value Correction to Net Power See Fig. C-5.5
C-5.6 Primary Fuel Heating Value Correction to Primary Fuel Input See Fig. C-5.5
C-5.7 Gas Turbine Inlet Air Temperature Correction to Primary Fuel Input
C-5.8 Gas Turbine Inlet Air Pressure Correction to Primary Fuel Input
C-6 SAMPLE CALCULATION DATA
95 D INLET AIR CONDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
D-1 INTRODUCTION
D-2 REASONS FOR SPECIFICATION OF INLET AIR CONDITIONS
D-3 CORRECTION FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AT COOLING TOWER INLET, ASU INLET, AND GAS TURBINE INLET
98 E SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

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