{"id":160651,"date":"2024-10-19T09:39:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T09:39:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/aci-234r-06-2006\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T01:57:42","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T01:57:42","slug":"aci-234r-06-2006","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/aci\/aci-234r-06-2006\/","title":{"rendered":"ACI 234R 06 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"

This report describes the physical and chemical properties of silica fume; how silica fume interacts with portland cement; the effects of silica fume on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete; recent typical applicationsof silica-fume concrete; how silica-fume concrete is proportioned, specified,and handled in the field; and areas where additional research is needed. Keywords: curing; durability; high-range water-reducing admixture; high-strength concrete; placing; plastic-shrinkage cracking; silica fume; time ofsetting; water-reducing admixture; workability.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nCHAPTER 1\u2014 INTRODUCTION
1.1\u2014 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n1.2\u2014What is silica fume? <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n1.3\u2014Silica fume versus other forms of silica
1.3.1 Synthetic silica
1.3.2 Natural silica
1.4\u2014Using silica fume in concrete
1.5\u2014Using silica fume in blended cements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n1.6\u2014Worldwide availability of silica fume
1.7\u2014Types of silica fume products available
1.7.1 As-produced silica fume
1.7.2 Silica-fume slurry
1.7.3 Densified (compacted) silica fume
1.7.4 Pelletized silica fume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n1.8\u2014Health hazards
1.9\u2014Environmental impact
CHAPTER 2\u2014 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SILICA FUME
2.1\u2014Color
2.2\u2014Specific gravity
2.3\u2014Bulk density
2.3.1 As-produced silica fume
2.3.2 Slurried silica fume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n2.3.3 Densified (compacted) silica fume
2.4\u2014Fineness, particle shape, and oversize material
2.5\u2014Chemical composition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n2.6\u2014Crystallinity
2.7\u2014Variability
2.8\u2014Relating physical and chemical properties to performance in concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n2.9\u2014Quality control
CHAPTER 3\u2014 MECHANISMS BY WHICH SILICA FUME MODIFIES CEMENT PASTE, MORTAR, AND CONCRETE
3.1\u2014General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n3.2\u2014Physical effects
3.2.1 Reduced bleeding
3.2.2 Provision of nucleation sites
3.2.3 Particle packing
3.3\u2014Chemical effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n3.4\u2013Microstructure modifications
3.4.1 Cement paste-aggregate transition zone <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n3.4.2 Porosity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n3.5\u2014Self-desiccation and water of hydration
3.6\u2014Autogenous shrinkage (volume change) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n3.7\u2014Chemical composition of pore fluid <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n3.8\u2014Reactions in combination with fly ash or ground- granulated blast- furnace slag
3.9\u2013Reactions with different types of portland cements
3.10\u2014Heat of hydration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n3.11\u2014Reactions with chemical admixtures
3.11.1 High-range water-reducing admixtures
3.11.2 Calcium chloride
3.11.3 Nonchloride accelerators
3.11.4 Corrosion inhibitors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n3.11.5 Air-entraining admixtures
3.11.6 Compatibility with admixture combinations
CHAPTER 4\u2014 EFFECTS OF SILICA FUME ON PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE
4.1\u2014 Water demand
4.2\u2014Workability
4.3\u2014Slump loss
4.4\u2014Time of setting
4.5\u2014Segregation
4.6\u2014Bleeding and plastic shrinkage
4.7\u2014Color of concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n4.8\u2014Air entrainment
4.9\u2014Bulk density (unit weight) of fresh concrete
4.10\u2014Evolution of hydrogen gas
CHAPTER 5\u2014 EFFECTS OF SILICA FUME ON PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE
5.1\u2014 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n5.2\u2014Mechanical properties
5.2.1 Modulus of elasticity and Poisson\u2019s ratio
5.2.2 Creep
5.2.3 Total shrinkage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n5.2.4 Compressive strength <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n5.2.5 Flexural and splitting tensile strengths <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n5.2.6 Bond strength
5.3\u2014Durability aspects
5.3.1 Transport properties
5.3.1.1 Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n5.3.1.2 Permeability
5.3.1.3 Water absorption\u2014
5.3.1.4 Chloride-ion penetration resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n5.3.2 Freezing-and-thawing resistance
5.3.2.1 Freezing- and-thawing resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n5.3.2.2 Scaling resistance
5.3.2.3 Air-void system parameters
5.3.3 Chemical attack resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n5.3.4 Abrasion- erosion and abrasion resistance
5.3.5 Fire resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5.3.6 Alkali- aggregate reaction expansion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n5.3.7 Sulfate resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n5.4\u2014Miscellaneous properties
5.4.1 Electrical resistivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n5.4.2 Thermal properties
5.4.3 Silica-fume concrete and cracking
5.4.3.1 Early-age cracking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n5.4.3.2 Later-age cracking
5.5\u2014Use of silica fume in combination with fibers
5.6\u2014Use of silica fume in ternary blends
5.6.1 Use of silica fume in conjunction with fly ash <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n5.6.2 Use of silica fume in conjunction with GGBFS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n5.7\u2014Property variations with respect to type, source, and form of delivery of silica fume
CHAPTER 6\u2014 APPLICATIONS OF SILICA FUME IN CONCRETE
6.1\u2014Tsing Ma Bridge, Hong Kong <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n6.2\u2014311 South Wacker Drive, Chicago
6.3\u2014Kuala Lumpur City Center, Malaysia <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.4\u2014Kinzua Dam Stilling Basin, United States
6.5\u2014Stolma Bridge, Norway
6.6\u2014Highway bridges, United States <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n6.7\u2014Parking structures, United States
CHAPTER 7\u2014 SPECIFICATIONS
7.1\u2014 General
7.2\u2014Specifying silica fume
7.2.1 Properties of silica fume
7.2.2 United States standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n7.2.3 Canadian standards
7.2.4 Standards from outside North America
7.2.5 Standard reference silica fume
7.3\u2014Specifying silica-fume admixtures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n7.4\u2014Specifying silica-fume blended cement
7.5\u2014Specifying silica-fume concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n7.5.1 Measuring, batching, and mixing
7.5.2 Placing and consolidating
7.5.3 Finishing
7.5.4 Protecting and curing
7.5.5 Preconstruction testing
CHAPTER 8\u2014 PROPORTIONING SILICA- FUME CONCRETE MIXTURES
8.1\u2014 General
8.2\u2014Cement and silica fume content
8.3\u2014Water content <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n8.4\u2014Aggregate
8.5\u2014Chemical admixtures
8.6\u2014Proportioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n8.7\u2014Ternary mixtures
CHAPTER 9\u2014 WORKING WITH SILICA FUME IN FIELD CONCRETE
9.1\u2014 Transporting and handling silica fume and silica fume admixture products
9.1.1 Dry silica fume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n9.1.2 Slurried silica fume
9.2\u2014Producing concrete
9.2.1 Dry silica fume
9.2.2 Slurried silica fume
9.2.3 Mixing silica- fume concrete
9.3\u2014Transporting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n9.4\u2014Placing
9.5\u2014Finishing
9.5.1 Plastic- shrinkage cracking
9.6\u2014Curing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n9.7\u2014Accelerated curing
CHAPTER 10\u2014 RESEARCH NEEDS
10.1\u2014Frost resistance
10.2\u2014Scaling resistance
10.3\u2014Sulfate attack
10.4\u2014Drying shrinkage and creep <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n10.5\u2014Steel corrosion
10.6\u2014Long-term durability
10.7\u2014Rheology of fresh concrete
10.8\u2014Mechanism of strength development
10.9\u2014Role of silica fume in special concretes
10.10\u2014Effect of silica fume on hydration
10.11\u2014Later-age cracking
CHAPTER 11\u2014 REFERENCES
11.1\u2014 Referenced standards and reports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n11.2\u2014Cited references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

234R-06: Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete (Reapproved 2012)<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2006<\/td>\n63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":160655,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2650],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-160651","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-aci","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/160651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/160655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=160651"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=160651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}