{"id":293949,"date":"2024-10-19T19:58:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T19:58:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-iso-43592013a12017\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T17:11:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T17:11:03","slug":"bs-iso-43592013a12017","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-iso-43592013a12017\/","title":{"rendered":"BS ISO 4359:2013+A1:2017"},"content":{"rendered":"

This International Standard specifies methods for the measurement of flow in rivers and artificial channels under steady or slowly varying flow conditions, using certain types of standing-wave, or critical-depth, flumes.<\/p>\n

A wide variety of flumes has been developed, but only those which have received general acceptance after adequate research and field testing, and which therefore do not require in situ<\/i> calibration, are considered.<\/p>\n

The flow conditions considered are uniquely dependent on the upstream head, i.e. subcritical flow must exist upstream of the flume, after which the flow accelerates through the contraction and passes through its critical depth (see Figure 1). The water level downstream of the structure is low enough to have no influence upon its performance.<\/p>\n

This International Standard is applicable to three commonly used types of flumes, covering a wide range of applications, namely rectangular-throated, trapezoidal-throated and U-throated. Typical field installations are shown in Figure 2. Site conditions are important and Figure 3 shows acceptable velocity profiles in the approach channel.<\/p>\n

Detailed illustrations of the three types of flumes covered by this International Standard are given as follows:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    rectangular-throated (see Figure 4);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    trapezoidal-throated (see Figure 5);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    U-throated, i.e. round-bottomed (see Figure 6).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    It is not applicable to a form of flume referred to in the literature \u2014 sometimes called a \u201cVenturi\u201d flume \u2014 in which the flow remains subcritical throughout.<\/p>\n

    \n

    NOTE This form is based on the same principle as a Venturi meter used within a closed conduit system and relies upon gauging the head at two locations and the application of Bernoulli\u2019s energy equation.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    2<\/td>\nNational foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    7<\/td>\nForeword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    9<\/td>\n1 Scope
    2 Normative references
    3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    10<\/td>\n4 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    11<\/td>\n5 Flume types and principles of operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    14<\/td>\n6 Installation
    6.1 Selection of site <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    15<\/td>\n6.2 Installation conditions
    6.2.1 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    16<\/td>\n6.2.2 Flume structure
    6.2.3 Approach channel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    18<\/td>\n6.2.4 Downstream conditions
    7 Maintenance
    8 Measurement of head
    8.1 General
    8.2 Location of head measurement(s) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    19<\/td>\n8.3 Gauge wells
    8.4 Zero setting
    9 General equations for discharge
    9.1 Discharge based on critical flow in the flume throat <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    21<\/td>\n9.2 Discharge based on observed upstream head <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    34<\/td>\n9.3 Calculation of stage-discharge relationships <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    35<\/td>\n9.4 Approach velocity and coefficient of velocity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    36<\/td>\n9.5 Selection of flume size and shape <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    37<\/td>\n10 Rectangular-throated flume
    10.1 Description
    10.2 Location of head measurement section
    10.3 Provision for modular flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    38<\/td>\n10.4 Evaluation of discharge for a given observed upstream head <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    41<\/td>\n10.5 Computation of stage-discharge relationship <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    42<\/td>\n10.6 Limits of application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    43<\/td>\n11 Trapezoidal-throated flumes
    11.1 Description
    11.2 Location of head measurement section
    11.3 Provision for modular flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    44<\/td>\n11.4 Evaluation of discharge \u2014 Coefficient method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    47<\/td>\n11.5 Computation of stage-discharge relationship <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    49<\/td>\n11.6 Limits of application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    50<\/td>\n12 U-throated (round-bottomed) flumes
    12.1 Description
    12.2 Location of head measurement section
    12.3 Provision for modular flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    51<\/td>\n12.4 Evaluation of discharge \u2014 Coefficient method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    54<\/td>\n12.5 Computation of stage-discharge relationship <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    56<\/td>\n12.6 Limits of application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    57<\/td>\n13 Uncertainties of flow measurement
    13.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    58<\/td>\n13.2 Combining measurement uncertainties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    60<\/td>\n13.3 Percentage uncertainty of discharge coefficient u*(C) for critical-depth flumes
    13.4 Uncertainty budget <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    61<\/td>\n14 Example of uncertainty calculations
    14.1 General
    14.2 Characteristics \u2014 Gauging structure
    14.3 Characteristics \u2014 Discharge calculation
    14.4 Characteristics \u2014 Discharge coefficient <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    62<\/td>\n14.5 Characteristics \u2014 Gauged head instrumentation
    14.6 Characteristics \u2014 Throat width <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    63<\/td>\n14.7 Overall uncertainty in discharge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    64<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Simplified head-discharge relationships for flume <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    69<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Introduction to measurement uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    77<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Sample measurement performance for use in hydrometric worked examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    81<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Spreadsheets for use with this International Standard <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    83<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Flow measurement structures – Rectangular, trapezoidal and U-shaped flumes<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2018<\/td>\n84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":293954,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[265,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-293949","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-17-120-20","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/293949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/293954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=293949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=293949"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=293949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}