This document, which is a Technical Specification, provides a technique of measurement and evaluation of ultrasound in liquids for use in cleaning devices and equipment. It specifies<\/p>\n
the cavitation measurement at 2,25 f0 in the frequency range 20 kHz to 150 kHz, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
the cavitation measurement by extraction of broadband spectral components in the frequency range 10 kHz to 5 MHz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
This document covers the measurement and evaluation of the cavitation, but not its secondary effects (cleaning results, sonochemical effects, etc.).<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4 List of symbols 5 Measurement equipment 5.1 Hydrophone 5.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 5.1.2 Calibration of hydrophone sensitivity 5.1.3 Hydrophone properties 5.1.4 Hydrophone compatibility with environment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 5.2 Analyser 5.2.1 General considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 5.2.2 Specific measurement method: transient cavitation spectrum at f = 2,25\u200af0 5.2.3 Specific measurement method: broadband transient and stable cavitation spectra 5.3 Requirements for equipment being characterized 5.3.1 Temperature and chemistry compatibility with the hydrophone 5.3.2 Electrical interference 6 Measurement procedure 6.1 Reference measurements 6.1.1 Control of environmental conditions for reference measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 6.1.2 Measurement procedure for reference measurements 6.2 Measurement procedures for in-situ monitoring measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative)Background A.1 Cavitation in ultrasonic cleaning Figures Figure A.1 \u2013 Typical setup of an ultrasonic cleaning device <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | Figure A.2 \u2013 Spatial distribution of the acoustic pressure level in waterin front of a 25 kHz transducer with reflections on all sides of the water bath (0,12 m x 0,3 m x 0,25 m) Figure A.3 \u2013 Typical Fourier spectrum for sinusoidal ultrasound excitationabove the cavitation threshold at an operating frequency of 35 kHz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | A.2 Practical considerations for measurements Figure A.4 \u2013 Sketch of cavitation structure under the water surfaceat an operating frequency of 25 kHz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | A.3 Measurement procedure in the ultrasonic bath Figure A.5 \u2013 Typical rectangular ultrasound signal with a frequency of 25 kHzand 50 Hz double half wave modulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | A.4 Characterization methods that do not utilize the acoustic spectrum <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | Annex B (normative)Cavitation measurement at 2,25\u200af0 B.1 General B.2 Measurement method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Figure B.1 \u2013 Block diagram of the measuring method of the cavitation noise level LCN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative)Example of cavitation measurement at 2,25\u200af0 Figure C.1 \u2013 Power dependency of the cavitation noise level LCN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Annex D (normative)Cavitation measurement by extraction of broadband spectral components D.1 Compensation for extraneous noise D.2 Features of the acoustic pressure spectrum Figure D.1 \u2013 Schematic representation of acoustic pressure spectrum <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | D.3 Identification of the operating frequency f0 and direct field acoustic pressure D.3.1 Identification of the operating frequency f0 D.3.2 Fit to primary peak (direct field) D.3.3 Determination of RMS direct field acoustic pressure D.3.4 Validation D.4 Identification of stable and transient cavitation component D.4.1 Subtraction of direct field component of spectrum D.4.2 Determination of stable cavitation component D.4.3 Determination of transient cavitation component <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | D.4.4 Validation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Measurement of cavitation noise in ultrasonic baths and ultrasonic reactors<\/b><\/p>\n |