ASHRAE 62.1 10:2010 Edition

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ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASHRAE	2010	58

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4	FOREWORD FOREWORD
5	1. PURPOSE 1. PURPOSE 1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide indoor air quality that is acceptable to human occupants and that minimizes adverse health effects. 1.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify minimum ventilation rates and other measures intended to provide indoor air quality that is acceptable to human occupants and that minimizes adverse health effects. 1.2 This standard is intended for regulatory application to new buildings, additions to existing buildings, and those changes to existing buildings that are identified in the body of the standard. 1.2 This standard is intended for regulatory application to new buildings, additions to existing buildings, and those changes to existing buildings that are identified in the body of the standard. 1.3 This standard is intended to be used to guide the improvement of indoor air quality in existing buildings. 1.3 This standard is intended to be used to guide the improvement of indoor air quality in existing buildings. 2. SCOPE 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard applies to all spaces intended for human occupancy except those within single-family houses, multifamily structures of three stories or fewer above grade, vehicles, and aircraft. 2.1 This standard applies to all spaces intended for human occupancy except those within single-family houses, multifamily structures of three stories or fewer above grade, vehicles, and aircraft. 2.2 This standard defines requirements for ventilation and air-cleaning system design, installation, commissioning, and operation and maintenance. 2.2 This standard defines requirements for ventilation and air-cleaning system design, installation, commissioning, and operation and maintenance. 2.3 Additional requirements for laboratory, industrial, health care, and other spaces may be dictated by workplace and other standards, as well as by the processes occurring within the space. 2.3 Additional requirements for laboratory, industrial, health care, and other spaces may be dictated by workplace and other standards, as well as by the processes occurring within the space. 2.4 Although the standard may be applied to both new and existing buildings, the provisions of this standard are not intended to be applied retroactively when the standard is used as a mandatory regulation or code. 2.4 Although the standard may be applied to both new and existing buildings, the provisions of this standard are not intended to be applied retroactively when the standard is used as a mandatory regulation or code. 2.5 This standard does not prescribe specific ventilation rate requirements for spaces that contain smoking or that do not meet the requirements in the standard for separation from spaces that contain smoking. 2.5 This standard does not prescribe specific ventilation rate requirements for spaces that contain smoking or that do not meet the requirements in the standard for separation from spaces that contain smoking. 2.6 Ventilation requirements of this standard are based on chemical, physical, and biological contaminants that can affect air quality. 2.6 Ventilation requirements of this standard are based on chemical, physical, and biological contaminants that can affect air quality. 2.7 Consideration or control of thermal comfort is not included. 2.7 Consideration or control of thermal comfort is not included. 2.8 This standard contains requirements, in addition to ventilation, related to certain sources, including outdoor air, construction processes, moisture, and biological growth. 2.8 This standard contains requirements, in addition to ventilation, related to certain sources, including outdoor air, construction processes, moisture, and biological growth. 2.9 Acceptable indoor air quality may not be achieved in all buildings meeting the requirements of this standard for one or more of the following reasons: 2.9 Acceptable indoor air quality may not be achieved in all buildings meeting the requirements of this standard for one or more of the following reasons: 3. DEFINITIONS (see Figure 3.1) 3. DEFINITIONS (see Figure 3.1)
7	4. OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY 4. OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY 4.1 Regional Air Quality. The status of compliance with national ambient air quality standards shall be determined for the geographic area of the building site. 4.1 Regional Air Quality. The status of compliance with national ambient air quality standards shall be determined for the geographic area of the building site. 4.2 Local Air Quality. An observational survey of the building site and its immediate surroundings shall be conducted during hours the building is expected to be normally occupied to identify local contaminants from surrounding facilities that may be… 4.2 Local Air Quality. An observational survey of the building site and its immediate surroundings shall be conducted during hours the building is expected to be normally occupied to identify local contaminants from surrounding facilities that may be… 4.3 Documentation. Documentation of the outdoor air quality investigation shall be reviewed with building owners or their representative and shall include the following as a minimum: 4.3 Documentation. Documentation of the outdoor air quality investigation shall be reviewed with building owners or their representative and shall include the following as a minimum: 5. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 5. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 5.1 Ventilation Air Distribution. Ventilating systems shall be designed in accordance with the following requirements. 5.1 Ventilation Air Distribution. Ventilating systems shall be designed in accordance with the following requirements. 5.2 Exhaust Duct Location. Exhaust ducts that convey potentially harmful contaminants shall be negatively pressurized relative to spaces through which they pass, so that exhaust air cannot leak into occupied spaces; supply, return, or outdoor air duc… 5.2 Exhaust Duct Location. Exhaust ducts that convey potentially harmful contaminants shall be negatively pressurized relative to spaces through which they pass, so that exhaust air cannot leak into occupied spaces; supply, return, or outdoor air duc… 5.3 Ventilation System Controls. Mechanical ventilation systems shall include controls, manual or automatic, that enable the fan system to operate whenever the spaces served are occupied. The system shall be designed to maintain no less than the mini… 5.3 Ventilation System Controls. Mechanical ventilation systems shall include controls, manual or automatic, that enable the fan system to operate whenever the spaces served are occupied. The system shall be designed to maintain no less than the mini…
8	5.4 Airstream Surfaces. All airstream surfaces in equipment and ducts in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the following requirements. 5.4 Airstream Surfaces. All airstream surfaces in equipment and ducts in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the following requirements. 5.5 Outdoor Air Intakes. Ventilation system outdoor intakes shall be designed in accordance with the following. 5.5 Outdoor Air Intakes. Ventilation system outdoor intakes shall be designed in accordance with the following.
9	5.6 Local Capture of Contaminants. The discharge from noncombustion equipment that captures the contaminants generated by the equipment shall be ducted directly to the outdoors. 5.6 Local Capture of Contaminants. The discharge from noncombustion equipment that captures the contaminants generated by the equipment shall be ducted directly to the outdoors. 5.7 Combustion Air. Fuel-burning appliances, both vented and unvented, shall be provided with sufficient air for combustion and adequate removal of combustion products in accordance with manufacturer instructions. Products of combustion from vented a… 5.7 Combustion Air. Fuel-burning appliances, both vented and unvented, shall be provided with sufficient air for combustion and adequate removal of combustion products in accordance with manufacturer instructions. Products of combustion from vented a… 5.8 Particulate Matter Removal. Particulate matter filters or air cleaners having a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of not less than 6 when rated in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.215 shall be provided upstream of all cooling coils… 5.8 Particulate Matter Removal. Particulate matter filters or air cleaners having a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of not less than 6 when rated in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.215 shall be provided upstream of all cooling coils… 5.9 Dehumidification Systems. Mechanical air-conditioning systems with dehumidification capability shall be designed to comply with the following. 5.9 Dehumidification Systems. Mechanical air-conditioning systems with dehumidification capability shall be designed to comply with the following. 5.10 Drain Pans. Drain pans, including their outlets and seals, shall be designed and constructed in accordance with this section. 5.10 Drain Pans. Drain pans, including their outlets and seals, shall be designed and constructed in accordance with this section.
10	5.11 Finned-Tube Coils and Heat Exchangers 5.11 Finned-Tube Coils and Heat Exchangers 5.12 Humidifiers and Water-Spray Systems. Steam and direct evaporation humidifiers, air washers, and other water-spray systems shall be designed in accordance with this section. 5.12 Humidifiers and Water-Spray Systems. Steam and direct evaporation humidifiers, air washers, and other water-spray systems shall be designed in accordance with this section. 5.13 Access for Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance 5.13 Access for Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance 5.14 Building Envelope and Interior Surfaces. The building envelope and interior surfaces within the building envelope shall be designed in accordance with the following. 5.14 Building Envelope and Interior Surfaces. The building envelope and interior surfaces within the building envelope shall be designed in accordance with the following.
11	5.15 Buildings with Attached Parking Garages. In order to limit the entry of vehicular exhaust into occupiable spaces, buildings with attached parking garages shall be designed to: 5.15 Buildings with Attached Parking Garages. In order to limit the entry of vehicular exhaust into occupiable spaces, buildings with attached parking garages shall be designed to: 5.16 Air Classification and Recirculation. Air shall be classified, and its recirculation shall be limited in accordance with the following sections. 5.16 Air Classification and Recirculation. Air shall be classified, and its recirculation shall be limited in accordance with the following sections.
12	5.17 Requirements for Buildings Containing ETS Areas and ETS-Free Areas. The requirements of this section must be met when a building contains both ETS areas and ETS-free areas. Such buildings shall be constructed and operated in accordance with Sect… 5.17 Requirements for Buildings Containing ETS Areas and ETS-Free Areas. The requirements of this section must be met when a building contains both ETS areas and ETS-free areas. Such buildings shall be constructed and operated in accordance with Sect… 6. PROCEDURES 6. PROCEDURES 6.1 General. The Ventilation Rate Procedure, the IAQ Procedure, and/or the Natural Ventilation Procedure shall be used to meet the requirements of this section. In addition, the requirements for exhaust ventilation in Section 6.5 shall be met regardl… 6.1 General. The Ventilation Rate Procedure, the IAQ Procedure, and/or the Natural Ventilation Procedure shall be used to meet the requirements of this section. In addition, the requirements for exhaust ventilation in Section 6.5 shall be met regardl…
13	6.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure. The outdoor air intake flow (Vot) for a ventilation system shall be determined in accordance with Sections 6.2.1 through 6.2.7. 6.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure. The outdoor air intake flow (Vot) for a ventilation system shall be determined in accordance with Sections 6.2.1 through 6.2.7.
18	6.3 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Procedure. Breathing zone outdoor airflow (Vbz) and/or system outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Sections 6.3.1 through 6.3.5. 6.3 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Procedure. Breathing zone outdoor airflow (Vbz) and/or system outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Sections 6.3.1 through 6.3.5.
19	6.4 Natural Ventilation Procedure. Natural ventilation systems shall be designed in accordance with this section and shall include mechanical ventilation systems designed in accordance with Section 6.2 and/or Section 6.3. 6.4 Natural Ventilation Procedure. Natural ventilation systems shall be designed in accordance with this section and shall include mechanical ventilation systems designed in accordance with Section 6.2 and/or Section 6.3.
20	6.5 Exhaust Ventilation. The design exhaust airflow shall be determined in accordance with the requirements in Table 6-4. Exhaust makeup air may be any combination of outdoor air, recirculated air, and transfer air. 6.5 Exhaust Ventilation. The design exhaust airflow shall be determined in accordance with the requirements in Table 6-4. Exhaust makeup air may be any combination of outdoor air, recirculated air, and transfer air. 6.6 Design Documentation Procedures. Design criteria and assumptions shall be documented and should be made available for operation of the system within a reasonable time after installation. See Sections 4.3, 5.1.3, 5.16.4, 6.2.7.1.5, and 6.3.6 regar… 6.6 Design Documentation Procedures. Design criteria and assumptions shall be documented and should be made available for operation of the system within a reasonable time after installation. See Sections 4.3, 5.1.3, 5.16.4, 6.2.7.1.5, and 6.3.6 regar… 7. CONSTRUCTION AND SYSTEM START-UP 7. CONSTRUCTION AND SYSTEM START-UP 7.1 Construction Phase 7.1 Construction Phase
21	7.2 System Start-Up 7.2 System Start-Up 8. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 8. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 8.1 General 8.1 General 8.2 Operations and Maintenance Manual. An Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Manual, either written or electronic, shall be developed and maintained on site or in a centrally accessible location for the working life of the applicable ventilation system… 8.2 Operations and Maintenance Manual. An Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Manual, either written or electronic, shall be developed and maintained on site or in a centrally accessible location for the working life of the applicable ventilation system…
22	8.3 Ventilation System Operation. Mechanical and natural ventilation systems shall be operated in a manner consistent with the O&M Manual. Systems shall be operated such that spaces are ventilated in accordance with Section 6 when they are expected t… 8.3 Ventilation System Operation. Mechanical and natural ventilation systems shall be operated in a manner consistent with the O&M Manual. Systems shall be operated such that spaces are ventilated in accordance with Section 6 when they are expected t… 8.4 Ventilation System Maintenance 8.4 Ventilation System Maintenance
23	9. REFERENCES 9. REFERENCES
24	NORMATIVE APPENDIX A MULTIPLE-ZONE SYSTEMS NORMATIVE APPENDIX A MULTIPLE-ZONE SYSTEMS A1. System Ventilation Efficiency A1. System Ventilation Efficiency A1.1 Average Outdoor Air Fraction. The average outdoor air fraction (Xs) for the ventilation system shall be determined in accordance with Equation A-1. A1.1 Average Outdoor Air Fraction. The average outdoor air fraction (Xs) for the ventilation system shall be determined in accordance with Equation A-1. A1.2 Zone Ventilation Efficiency. The zone ventilation efficiency (Evz), i.e., the efficiency with which a system distributes outdoor air from the intake to an individual breathing zone, shall be determined in accordance with Section A1.2.1 or A1.2.2. A1.2 Zone Ventilation Efficiency. The zone ventilation efficiency (Evz), i.e., the efficiency with which a system distributes outdoor air from the intake to an individual breathing zone, shall be determined in accordance with Section A1.2.1 or A1.2.2.
25	A1.3 System Ventilation Efficiency. The system ventilation efficiency shall equal the lowest zone ventilation efficiency among all ventilation zones served by the air handler, in accordance with Equation A-8. A1.3 System Ventilation Efficiency. The system ventilation efficiency shall equal the lowest zone ventilation efficiency among all ventilation zones served by the air handler, in accordance with Equation A-8. A2. Alternative Calculations A2. Alternative Calculations A3. Design Process A3. Design Process A3.1 Selecting Zones for Calculation. Zone ventilation efficiency (Evz) shall be calculated for all ventilation zones. A3.1 Selecting Zones for Calculation. Zone ventilation efficiency (Evz) shall be calculated for all ventilation zones.
26	A4. Symbols A4. Symbols
27	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B SUMMARY OF SELECTED AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B SUMMARY OF SELECTED AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES
37	REFERENCES REFERENCES
39	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C RATIONALE FOR MINIMUM PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RESPIRATION AIR BASED ON CO2 CONCENTRATION INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C RATIONALE FOR MINIMUM PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RESPIRATION AIR BASED ON CO2 CONCENTRATION
40	REFERENCES REFERENCES
41	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX D ACCEPTABLE MASS BALANCE EQUATIONS FOR USE WITH THE IAQ PROCEDURE INFORMATIVE APPENDIX D ACCEPTABLE MASS BALANCE EQUATIONS FOR USE WITH THE IAQ PROCEDURE
42	REFERENCES REFERENCES
43	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E INFORMATION ON SELECTED NATIONAL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR PM10, PM 2.5 AND OZONE INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E INFORMATION ON SELECTED NATIONAL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR PM10, PM 2.5 AND OZONE
44	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX F SEPARATION OF EXHAUST OUTLETS AND OUTDOOR AIR INTAKES INFORMATIVE APPENDIX F SEPARATION OF EXHAUST OUTLETS AND OUTDOOR AIR INTAKES F1. General F1. General F2. Application F2. Application F2.1 Outdoor Air Intakes. Minimum separation distance between exhaust air/vent outlets as defined in Table 5-1 and outdoor air intakes to mechanical ventilation systems or operable windows, skylights, and doors that are required as part of natural ve… F2.1 Outdoor Air Intakes. Minimum separation distance between exhaust air/vent outlets as defined in Table 5-1 and outdoor air intakes to mechanical ventilation systems or operable windows, skylights, and doors that are required as part of natural ve… F2.2 Other Building Openings. Minimum separation distance between building exhaust air/vent outlets as defined in Table 5-1 and operable openings to occupiable spaces shall be half of the distance (L) determined in accordance with Section F3. Minimum… F2.2 Other Building Openings. Minimum separation distance between building exhaust air/vent outlets as defined in Table 5-1 and operable openings to occupiable spaces shall be half of the distance (L) determined in accordance with Section F3. Minimum… F2.3 Additional Limitations for Noxious or Dangerous Air. Minimum separation distance between exhausts located less than 65 ft (20 m) vertically below outdoor air intakes or operable windows and doors shall be equal to a horizontal separation only as… F2.3 Additional Limitations for Noxious or Dangerous Air. Minimum separation distance between exhausts located less than 65 ft (20 m) vertically below outdoor air intakes or operable windows and doors shall be equal to a horizontal separation only as… F2.4 Equipment Wells. Exhaust air outlets that terminate in an equipment well that also encloses an outdoor air intake shall meet the separation requirements of this section and, in addition, shall either F2.4 Equipment Wells. Exhaust air outlets that terminate in an equipment well that also encloses an outdoor air intake shall meet the separation requirements of this section and, in addition, shall either F2.5 Property Lines. Minimum separation distance between exhaust air/vent outlets and property lines shall be half of the distance (L) determined in accordance with Section F3. For significant contaminant or odor intensity exhaust air, where the prop… F2.5 Property Lines. Minimum separation distance between exhaust air/vent outlets and property lines shall be half of the distance (L) determined in accordance with Section F3. For significant contaminant or odor intensity exhaust air, where the prop… F3. Determining Distance L F3. Determining Distance L
46	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX G APPLICATION AND COMPLIANCE INFORMATIVE APPENDIX G APPLICATION AND COMPLIANCE G1. Application G1. Application G1.1 New Buildings. All sections and normative appendices should apply to new buildings falling within the scope of this standard. G1.1 New Buildings. All sections and normative appendices should apply to new buildings falling within the scope of this standard. G1.2 Existing Buildings. The standard should be applied to existing buildings at least in the following circumstances: G1.2 Existing Buildings. The standard should be applied to existing buildings at least in the following circumstances: G2. Compliance G2. Compliance
48	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX H DOCUMENTATION INFORMATIVE APPENDIX H DOCUMENTATION
51	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX I NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS INFORMATIVE APPENDIX I NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
52	INFORMATIVE APPENDIX J ADDENDA DESCRIPTION INFORMATION INFORMATIVE APPENDIX J ADDENDA DESCRIPTION INFORMATION