BS 4163:2007
$41.10
Health and safety for design and technology in schools and similar establishments. Code of practice
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2007 | 142 |
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | Contents Section 1: General 1 1 Scope 1 Section 2: Health and safety management 2 2 Health and safety management 2 2.1 Risk assessment 2 2.2 Hazards, risks and risk control measures 2 2.3 Carrying out a risk assessment 3 2.4 Health and safety arrangements 4 2.5 Health and safety assistance 4 2.6 Health and safety training 4 2.7 Reporting accidents and dangerous occurrences 5 2.8 First aid 5 Section 3: Planning and services 6 3 Planning and design 6 3.1 General 6 3.2 Storage 7 3.3 Fire 14 4 Working area environment 15 4.1 Lighting 15 4.2 Heating 16 4.3 Ventilation 16 4.4 Surfaces 17 4.5 Hazardous noise 18 4.6 Vibration 19 5 Services 20 5.1 General 20 5.2 Electrical installations 20 5.3 Mains gas installations 24 5.4 Fixed installations using liquefied petroleum gas 25 5.5 Water installations 25 5.6 Compressed air systems 25 5.7 Machine installations 26 5.8 Lifting equipment 27 6 General health and safety 28 7 Management of the teaching environment 29 7.1 General 29 7.2 ICT workstations 29 7.3 Maintenance 30 7.4 Health and safety monitoring 30 8 Food and textiles – Appliances and equipment 31 8.1 General 31 8.2 Food – Appliances and equipment 33 8.3 Textiles – Appliances and equipment 39 9 Portable tools and equipment used in workshops 41 9.1 General 41 9.2 Portable drills 43 9.3 Portable grinders (e.g. angle grinders) 44 9.4 Rotating (circular) portable saws 45 9.5 Portable biscuit cutters 46 |
| 4 | 9.6 Reciprocating portable saws (e.g. jig saws) 46 9.7 Portable sanding machines (orbital) 47 9.8 Portable sanding machines (disc) 48 9.9 Portable sanding machines (belt) 48 9.10 Portable planing machines 49 9.11 Portable routers 50 9.12 Soldering irons 51 9.13 Hot melt glue guns 52 9.14 Hand tools 52 10 Woodworking machinery 53 10.1 General 53 10.2 Mortising machines (hollow chisel type) 55 10.3 Moulding machines (spindle moulders) 55 10.4 Planing and thicknessing machines 56 10.5 Sanding machines (belt, bobbin and disc types) 58 10.6 Sawing machines (band, circular and reciprocating saws) 60 10.7 Wood turning lathes 67 10.8 Mitre trimmers 68 11 Metalworking machinery 69 11.1 General 69 11.2 Centre lathes 69 11.3 Milling machines (horizontal and vertical) 71 11.4 Drilling machines 73 11.5 Grinding machines 75 11.6 Sawing machines, power hacksaws and metal cutting bandsaws 80 11.7 Guillotines, shears (hand or treadle operated), folding and rolling machines 81 11.8 Lapidary equipment 82 12 Motor vehicle work, machinery and equipment 83 12.1 Hazards 83 12.2 Risk control measures 84 13 Moulding processes and equipment for plastics 88 13.1 Injection and extrusion moulding machines 88 13.2 Moulding trimming machines 88 13.3 Vacuum forming machines 89 13.4 Hot wire cutters 90 13.5 Strip heaters and line bending heaters 91 13.6 Ovens 91 13.7 Blow moulders 92 13.8 Hot air plastics welding 92 14 Heat processes, plant and equipment for metals 93 14.1 Forging and brazing 93 14.2 Welding and welding installations 94 14.3 Plasma arc cutting 96 14.4 Oxy-acetylene welding 97 14.5 Casting 97 14.6 Low temperature casting 98 14.7 Centrifugal casting equipment 99 14.8 Vacuum and pressure casting equipment 100 14.9 Heat-treatment ovens 100 15 Chemical processes for metals and fabrics 101 15.1 General 101 15.2 Electronic circuit board etching 101 15.3 Soft soldering 102 |
| 5 | 15.4 Vitreous enamelling 103 15.5 Pickling (acid deoxidizing) and acid etching of metals 103 15.6 Dyes 103 15.7 Mordants 104 15.8 Testing fibres and fabrics 105 15.9 Cleaning fibres and fabrics 106 16 Computer-operated equipment 106 16.1 Laser cutters 106 16.2 Rapid prototyping including 3D printers, stereolithography (SLA), laser sintering, laminated object manufacture (LOM) 107 16.3 Rapid prototyping (printing) machines 108 16.4 Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines 108 Section 5: Materials 114 17 Materials 114 17.1 Materials data sheets 114 17.2 Asbestos and products containing asbestos 114 17.3 Adhesives 114 17.4 Plastics 117 17.5 Timber 120 17.6 Metals 120 17.7 Food and food components 121 17.8 Fabric and fibres 122 Section 6: Terms and definitions, and references 123 18 Terms and definitions 123 19 References 124 19.1 General 124 19.2 Government publications 124 19.3 HSE publications 126 19.4 Other publications 127 19.5 British Standards publications 129 |
| 7 | Foreword |
| 11 | Section 1: General 1 Scope |
| 12 | Section 2: Health and safety management 2 Health and safety management 2.1 Risk assessment a) the general duties of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, that require employers to ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of employees and the health and safety of other persons; b) the duties imposed by any health and safety regulations relevant to the employer’s activities. 2.2 Hazards, risks and risk control measures 2.2.1 Hazards 2.2.2 Risk |
| 13 | 2.2.3 Risk control measures a) If possible, eliminate the hazard. b) If not possible, substitute with a safer alternative. c) If not possible to eliminate the hazard, reduce risks “at source”, using engineering controls if practicable. d) Institute procedures and systems of work in conjunction with instruction and supervision. e) Use personal protective equipment. 2.3 Carrying out a risk assessment |
| 14 | 2.4 Health and safety arrangements 2.5 Health and safety assistance 2.6 Health and safety training |
| 15 | 2.7 Reporting accidents and dangerous occurrences 2.8 First aid |
| 16 | Section 3: Planning and services 3 Planning and design 3.1 General |
| 17 | 3.2 Storage 3.2.1 General |
| 18 | 3.2.2 Materials 3.2.3 Food |
| 19 | 3.2.4 Hazardous substances |
| 20 | 3.2.5 Flammable liquids and highly flammable liquids 3.2.5.1 Flammable liquids 3.2.5.2 Highly flammable liquids |
| 21 | 3.2.6 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) |
| 22 | 3.2.7 Oxygen and acetylene cylinders |
| 23 | 3.2.8 Glass reinforced plastics materials 3.2.9 Casting and forging materials 3.2.10 Portable equipment 3.2.11 Storage of personal clothing |
| 24 | 3.3 Fire 3.3.1 General 3.3.2 Fire hazards a) Sources of ignition: b) Sources of fuel: c) Sources of oxygen: |
| 25 | 3.3.3 Fire risk control measures 3.3.4 Fire systems and procedures a) appropriate fire detectors and fire alarms; b) fire escape routes with the correct signs; c) fire fighting equipment and suitable arrangements for: 4 Working area environment 4.1 Lighting 4.1.1 General |
| 26 | 4.1.2 Supplementary lighting 4.2 Heating 4.3 Ventilation |
| 27 | 4.4 Surfaces 4.4.1 Floors |
| 28 | 4.4.2 Ceilings, walls and work surfaces 4.5 Hazardous noise a) lower exposure action values: b) upper exposure action values: c) exposure limit values: |
| 29 | 4.6 Vibration a) daily exposure action value: 2.5 m/s2 A(8). b) daily exposure limit value: 5 m/s2 A(8); |
| 30 | 5 Services 5.1 General 5.2 Electrical installations 5.2.1 General |
| 31 | 5.2.2 Food technology areas 5.2.3 Computer rooms 5.2.4 Main work area switchgear |
| 32 | 5.2.5 Work area emergency switching systems 5.2.6 Electrical equipment for fixed machine tools |
| 33 | 5.2.7 Electrical supplies for food technology equipment 5.2.8 Electrical supplies for portable equipment 5.2.9 Socket-outlets for portable equipment |
| 34 | 5.2.10 Plugs for portable equipment 5.3 Mains gas installations 5.3.1 Main isolator |
| 35 | 5.3.2 Room isolation 5.3.3 Ventilation systems 5.4 Fixed installations using liquefied petroleum gas 5.5 Water installations 5.6 Compressed air systems |
| 36 | 5.7 Machine installations |
| 37 | 5.8 Lifting equipment |
| 38 | Section 4: Teaching areas, equipment, tools and processes 6 General health and safety |
| 39 | 7 Management of the teaching environment 7.1 General 7.2 ICT workstations |
| 40 | 7.3 Maintenance 7.4 Health and safety monitoring a) emergency stop systems operate effectively; b) room isolating gas taps or controls are clearly marked, accessible, and in working order; c) only authorized competent persons use specialized equipment; d) the power isolator is locked in the “off” position when the room is unsupervised; e) equipment guards and protective interlocks are in place and properly adjusted; f) health and safety notices are clearly displayed; g) students receive appropriate health and safety instruction (and a record of their training is kept) before equipment is operated or before heavy items are lifted or handled; h) suitable protective clothing is worn and personal protective equipment provided, where risk of injury cannot be controlled by other means; i) first aid boxes are provided; j) floors, doors and gangways are kept clear and free from obstructions; k) floor surfaces are not slippery; |
| 41 | l) fire doors are operational and clearly marked, can be easily opened, and are free from obstructions; m) fire fighting equipment is readily available; n) materials, tools and ancillary equipment are stored safely; o) flammable materials are stored safely in a suitable lockable cupboard; p) food products are stored at the correct temperature; q) socket outlets, plugs and flexible cords are maintained in a safe condition, and are safely anchored by the cord grip; r) fume and dust extraction systems are maintained in good working order; s) gas hoses are maintained in a safe condition; t) residual current devices are checked using the test button in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations; u) maintenance is carried out regularly and records kept. 8 Food and textiles – Appliances and equipment 8.1 General 8.1.1 Hazards a) Electrical appliances and equipment can present a hazard of electric shock. b) Trailing cables can present a tripping hazard. c) Gas can cause an explosion. d) Contact with cutters or blades can cause cuts. e) Broken cutters and blades from cutting operations can be violently ejected if incorrectly fitted. f) Inadvertent operation of appliances and equipment can present a hazard. g) Appliances and equipment can present a noise hazard. (See 4.5.) h) Batteries can spontaneously combust or explode if incorrectly used. 8.1.2 Risk control measures |
| 42 | 8.1.3 Portable electrical appliances and equipment 8.1.4 Fixed electrical appliances |
| 43 | 8.2 Food – Appliances and equipment 8.2.1 Convection/fan assisted ovens 8.2.1.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) hot surfaces, which can cause burns; c) steam from food being cooked, which can cause scalding. 8.2.1.2 Risk control measures 8.2.2 Tunnel ovens 8.2.2.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) hot surfaces, which can cause burns; c) exposed moving parts, in which hair, hands or clothing can become entangled. |
| 44 | 8.2.2.2 Risk control measures 8.2.3 Commercial range cookers 8.2.3.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) hot surfaces, which can cause burns; c) cooking and combustion fumes; d) steam and radiated heat, which can scald and burn. 8.2.3.2 Risk control measures |
| 45 | 8.2.4 Domestic combination ovens (ovens with a hob) 8.2.4.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) hot surfaces, which can cause burns; c) steam, which can cause scalding. 8.2.4.2 Risk control measures 8.2.5 Commercial blast chillers 8.2.5.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) bacterial growth. 8.2.5.2 Risk control measures |
| 46 | 8.2.6 Fixed gas appliances 8.2.7 Portable food processing machines and liquidizers 8.2.7.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which could be tripped over; c) rotating parts; d) sharp cutters; e) hot ingredients, which can cause scalding or burns. 8.2.7.2 Risk control measures |
| 47 | 8.2.8 Portable food mixing machines 8.2.8.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which could be tripped over; c) rotating parts; d) sharp blades. 8.2.8.2 Risk control measures 8.2.9 Portable food blending machines 8.2.9.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which could be tripped over; c) rotating parts; d) sharp blades. |
| 48 | 8.2.9.2 Risk control measures 8.2.10 Microwave and microwave combination ovens 8.2.10.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which could be tripped over; c) hot substances and hot surfaces, which can cause scalding and burns; d) overheating of the oven mechanism, which can be caused by incorrect use of materials. 8.2.10.2 Risk control measures 8.2.11 Deep fat fryers and other table top cookers 8.2.11.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which could be tripped over; c) hot substances and surfaces, which can cause scalding or burns; |
| 49 | d) a fire hazard from the hot fat or oil in deep fat fryers; e) overheating, which can be caused by other table top cookers; f) environmental hazards, which can be caused by incorrect disposal of fat or oil. 8.2.11.2 Risk control measures 8.2.12 Pressure cookers 8.2.12.1 Hazards a) hot substances and surfaces, which can cause scalding or burns; b) the high temperatures at which pressure cookers operate; c) high pressures, which can cause a pressure cooker to explode. 8.2.12.2 Risk control measures 8.3 Textiles – Appliances and equipment 8.3.1 Batik wax pots 8.3.1.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which can be tripped over; |
| 50 | c) hot liquids and surfaces, which can cause scalding or burns; d) overheating of the wax pot, which can be caused by incorrect use. 8.3.1.2 Risk control measures 8.3.2 Portable electric irons (including heat presses) 8.3.2.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which can be tripped over; c) the hot surface of the iron, and steam from a steam iron, which can cause burns and scalds; d) hazards from falling irons. 8.3.2.2 Risk control measures 8.3.3 Portable sewing/overlocking/embroidery/embellisher machines 8.3.3.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which could be tripped over; c) rotating parts; d) exposed sharp edges and needles; e) unexpected starting, in the case of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines. |
| 51 | 8.3.3.2 Risk control measures 9 Portable tools and equipment used in workshops 9.1 General 9.1.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) cutters, blades, abrasive wheels and sanding discs, contact with which can cause injuries; c) broken cutters, blades and abrasive wheels, and particles from cutting operations, which can be violently ejected; d) trailing cables and compressed air lines, which could be tripped over; e) contact with the open end of a compressed air line, which can force air through the skin into the bloodstream; f) unrestrained compressed air lines, which can lash about with force; g) inadvertent operation of portable tools; h) dust, which can be inhaled; i) noise; j) batteries, which can spontaneously combust or explode if incorrectly used; k) start-up torque. 9.1.2 Risk control measures |
| 52 | 9.1.3 Risk control measures specific to portable compressed air tools and equipment |
| 53 | 9.1.4 Risk control measures specific to portable electric tools and equipment 9.2 Portable drills 9.2.1 Hazards a) long hair, loose clothing, etc., which can become entangled in moving parts of the drill; b) chuck keys, broken drill bits, swarf, work pieces, etc., which can be violently ejected; c) sharp edges on drill bits, work pieces and swarf, which can cause cuts; d) electric shock; e) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; f) drill jamming, which can produce a torque reaction; g) dust, which can be inhaled; h) ejected particles. 9.2.2 Risk control measures |
| 54 | 9.3 Portable grinders (e.g. angle grinders) 9.3.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; c) overspeeding, damaged or incorrectly mounted abrasive wheels, which can break while rotating and can be violently ejected from the grinder; d) contact with the wheel, which can cause cuts; e) long hair, loose clothing, etc., which can become entangled with the spindle or wheel; f) ejection of work pieces from the machine; g) hot work pieces, which can cause burns; h) sharp edges, which can cause cuts; i) inadvertent starting of the machine; j) dust, which can be inhaled; k) incorrect disc. 9.3.2 Risk control measures |
| 55 | 9.4 Rotating (circular) portable saws 9.4.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; c) rotating parts, which can cause cuts and with which long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled; d) dust, which can be inhaled; e) ejected particles; f) jamming or “kick back” of the saw. 9.4.2 Risk control measures |
| 56 | 9.5 Portable biscuit cutters 9.5.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; c) rotating parts which can cause cuts and with which long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled; d) dust, which can be inhaled; e) ejected particles; f) jamming or “kick back” of the biscuit cutter. 9.5.2 Risk control measures 9.6 Reciprocating portable saws (e.g. jig saws) |
| 57 | 9.6.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; c) reciprocating parts; d) dust, which can be inhaled; e) ejected particles; f) jamming or “kick back” of the saw. 9.6.2 Risk control measures 9.7 Portable sanding machines (orbital) 9.7.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; c) moving parts; d) dust, which can be inhaled. 9.7.2 Risk control measures |
| 58 | 9.8 Portable sanding machines (disc) 9.8.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; c) moving parts; d) jamming of the sanding disc; e) dust, which can be inhaled. 9.8.2 Risk control measures 9.9 Portable sanding machines (belt) 9.9.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; c) moving parts;. d) the pulling force that can be exerted by the belt of the machine; e) jamming of the sanding belt; f) dust, which can be inhaled. |
| 59 | 9.9.2 Risk control measures 9.10 Portable planing machines 9.10.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which can be tripped over; c) rotating parts; d) dust, which can be inhaled; e) jamming or “kick back” of the machine. 9.10.2 Risk control measures |
| 60 | 9.11 Portable routers 9.11.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads and hoses, which could be tripped over; c) rotating parts; d) dust, which could be inhaled; e) ejected particles; f) jamming, “kicking back” or biting in of the router cutter; g) distraction of the user. 9.11.2 Risk control measures |
| 61 | 9.12 Soldering irons 9.12.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which can be tripped over; c) fumes from rosin based fluxes, which can cause respiratory sensitization; d) hot soldering iron tips, which can cause burns; e) splashes of flux and solder. 9.12.2 Risk control measures |
| 62 | 9.13 Hot melt glue guns 9.13.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which could be tripped over; c) hot glue nozzle tips, which can cause burns; d) splashes of glue, which can cause burns. 9.13.2 Risk control measures 9.14 Hand tools 9.14.1 Hazards a) sharp tools; b) falling tools; c) tools breaking or coming apart in use; d) slipping of tools, which can occur when pressure is applied to them. 9.14.2 Risk control measures |
| 63 | 10 Woodworking machinery 10.1 General |
| 64 | a) students should be trained and instructed in safe operating methods by a competent person, who has attended a recognized training course; b) students should be assessed as mature and competent before operating the machinery, and should be continuously supervised. |
| 65 | 10.2 Mortising machines (hollow chisel type) 10.2.1 Hazards a) Work pieces in the mortising machine can become loose and can be ejected. b) Hands or clothing can become entangled with the cutting tool. c) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. d) Wood dust can be inhaled. 10.2.2 Risk control measures 10.3 Moulding machines (spindle moulders) |
| 66 | 10.4 Planing and thicknessing machines 10.4.1 Hazards a) The work piece in planing and thicknessing machines can be “kicked back” towards the operator. b) Hands or clothing can become entangled with the cutting tool. c) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. d) Noise can cause permanent hearing damage. e) Wood dust can be inhaled. 10.4.2 Risk control measures |
| 68 | 10.5 Sanding machines (belt, bobbin and disc types) 10.5.1 Belt/band facer and bobbin sanding machines 10.5.1.1 Hazards a) The work piece can become jammed in the sanding machine. b) Hands or clothing can become entangled with moving parts. c) Wood dust can be inhaled. d) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. e) The belt can break up and lash out. f) Hands can come into contact with the abrasive surface. 10.5.1.2 Risk control measures |
| 69 | 10.5.2 Disc sanding machines 10.5.2.1 Hazards a) The work piece can become jammed in the sanding machine. b) Hands or clothing can become entangled with the sanding disc, or caught between the disc and work piece support. c) Wood dust can be inhaled. d) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. e) The sanding disc can break up during use. 10.5.2.2 Risk control measures |
| 70 | 10.6 Sawing machines (band, circular and reciprocating saws) 10.6.1 Band sawing machines 10.6.1.1 Hazards a) Work pieces can become jammed in band sawing machines. b) Bench mounted band saws can become detached from the bench. c) Hands or fingers can come into contact with the blade. d) Clothing can become entangled with the blade. e) Wood dust can be inhaled. f) Noise can cause permanent hearing damage. g) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. h) Withdrawing the work piece with the machine running can present a hazard. i) Blunt or damaged blades can present a hazard. 10.6.1.2 Risk control measures |
| 71 | 10.6.2 Table circular sawing machines 10.6.2.1 Hazards a) The work piece can become jammed in the circular sawing machine or can “kick back”. b) Hands or fingers can come into contact with the blade. c) Wood dust can be inhaled. d) Noise can cause permanent hearing damage. e) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. f) Blunt or damaged blades can present a hazard. |
| 72 | 10.6.2.2 Risk control measures |
| 73 | 10.6.3 Powered fret sawing machines 10.6.3.1 Hazards a) Hands or fingers can come into contact with the saw blade. b) The powered fret sawing machine can become detached from the bench. c) Wood dust can be inhaled. d) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. |
| 74 | 10.6.3.2 Risk control measures 10.6.4 Chop and radial arm sawing machines 10.6.4.1 Hazards a) Hands or fingers can come into contact with the saw blade. b) The saw blade can become loose. c) The blade can move forward inadvertently. d) Wood dust can be inhaled. e) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. f) Blunt or damaged saw blades can present a hazard. 10.6.4.2 Risk control measures |
| 75 | 10.6.5 Vertical panel circular sawing machines 10.6.5.1 Hazards a) Hands or fingers can come into contact with the blade. b) The blade running on after the machine is switched off can present a hazard. c) Wood dust can be inhaled. d) Noise can cause permanent hearing damage. e) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. f) Damaged power leads present the risk of electric shock. |
| 76 | 10.6.5.2 Risk control measures |
| 77 | 10.7 Wood turning lathes 10.7.1 Hazards a) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled in moving parts of the lathe. b) Hand held wood turning tools can become trapped between the rest and the work piece. c) Work pieces can fly off if not correctly mounted to a face plate, chuck or between centres. d) Timber particles can fly off poorly selected or prepared wood. e) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. f) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. g) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. h) Wood dust can be inhaled. 10.7.2 Risk control measures |
| 78 | 10.8 Mitre trimmers 10.8.1 Hazards a) Contact with the blade can result in serious injury. b) Inadvertent starting of the mitre trimmer can present a hazard. c) Insufficient fixing to the bench can present a hazard. 10.8.2 Risk control measures |
| 79 | 11 Metalworking machinery 11.1 General a) Students should be trained and instructed in safe operating methods by a competent employee, who has attended a recognized training course. A record of their training should be kept. b) Students should be assessed as mature and competent before operating the machinery, and should be continuously supervised. 11.2 Centre lathes 11.2.1 Hazards a) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled in moving parts of the lathe. b) Work pieces, chuck keys, broken cutting tools, swarf, etc., can be violently ejected from the lathe. c) Centre lathes can present a hazard of electrical shock. d) Closing movements between parts under power feed can be a trapping hazard. e) Sharp edges on tools, work pieces and swarf can cause cuts. f) Contact with cutting fluids, oil and grease can irritate the skin. g) Swarf can jam or be ejected if allowed to build up. |
| 80 | h) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. i) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. j) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. k) Manual handling (lifting) of heavy equipment (e.g. chucks, faceplates) can present a hazard. 11.2.2 Risk control measures |
| 81 | 11.3 Milling machines (horizontal and vertical) 11.3.1 Hazards a) Contact with revolving cutters can present a hazard. b) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled with rotating cutters or arbors. c) Broken cutters, swarf, work pieces, etc., can be violently ejected. d) Closing movement between parts, under power feed, can result in finger trapping. e) Closing movement between the table and fixed structures can result in body crushing. f) Heavy objects such as vices and index fixtures can fall from the table. g) Milling machines can present a hazard of electric shock. h) Sharp edges on cutters, work pieces and swarf can cause cuts. i) Contact with cutting fluids, oils and greases can irritate the skin. |
| 82 | j) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. k) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. l) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. m) Manual handling of heavy equipment such as vices and index fixtures can present a hazard. 11.3.2 Risk control measures |
| 83 | 11.4 Drilling machines 11.4.1 Hazards a) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled in moving parts of the drilling machine. b) Chuck keys, broken drills, swarf, work pieces, etc., can be violently ejected. c) Unexpected spinning of hand held work pieces could cause injuries to hands. d) The drill table can slip down or heavy objects fall from the table. e) Drilling machines present an electric shock hazard. f) Closing movements between parts can lead to trapping. g) Sharp edges on drills, work pieces and swarf can cause cuts. h) Contact with metalworking fluids, oil and grease can irritate the skin. i) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. j) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. k) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. 11.4.2 Risk control measures |
| 85 | 11.5 Grinding machines 11.5.1 Bench and pedestal grinding machines 11.5.1.1 Hazards a) Overspeeding, damaged or incorrectly mounted abrasive wheels can break while rotating and be violently ejected from the grinding machine. b) Contact with the wheel can cause cuts. c) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled with the spindle or wheel. d) Work pieces can be ejected from the machine. e) Fingers or work pieces can become jammed between the wheel and rest. f) Hot work pieces can cause burns. g) Grinding machines can present a hazard of electric shock. h) Sharp edges can cause cuts. i) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. j) Dust can be inhaled. k) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. l) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. 11.5.1.2 Risk control measures |
| 86 | 11.5.2 Surface grinding machines 11.5.2.1 Hazards a) Overspeeding, damaged or incorrectly mounted abrasive wheels can break while rotating and be violently ejected from the grinding machine. b) Contact with the wheel can cause cuts. c) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled with the spindle or wheel. d) Work pieces can be ejected from the machine. e) Fingers or work pieces can become jammed between the wheel and rest. f) Hot work pieces can cause burns. g) Grinding machines can present a hazard of electric shock. h) Sharp edges can cause cuts. i) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. j) Dust can be inhaled. k) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. l) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. m) Closing movement between parts under power feed can result in finger trapping. n) Closing movement between the table and fixed structures can result in body crushing. |
| 87 | o) Unsecured work pieces can be violently projected off the end of the table. p) Contact with metalworking fluids can irritate the skin. 11.5.2.2 Risk control measures 11.5.3 Polishing (buffing) machines 11.5.3.1 Hazards a) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled with the spindle, mop or brush. b) Work pieces, wires from brushes and particles from the polishing process can be ejected from the machine. c) Hot work pieces can cause burns. d) Polishing machines can present a hazard of electric shock. e) Sharp edges can cause cuts. f) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. g) Dust can accumulate and can be inhaled. |
| 88 | h) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. i) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. 11.5.3.2 Risk control measures 11.5.4 Abrasive belt machines (linishing machines) 11.5.4.1 Hazards a) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled with the belt or drive pulleys. b) Fingers or the work piece can become trapped in pulley/belt in-running nips. c) Contact with the edge of the belt can cause cuts. d) Hot work pieces can cause burns. e) Abrasive belt machines can present a hazard of electric shock. |
| 89 | f) Sharp edges can cause cuts. g) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. h) Dust can be inhaled. i) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. j) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. 11.5.4.2 Risk control measures |
| 90 | 11.6 Sawing machines, power hacksaws and metal cutting bandsaws 11.6.1 Hazards a) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled in moving parts. b) Closing movements between parts can result in trapping. c) Forward motion of the saw (power hacksaw) arm can result in trapping or cuts. d) The bar stock projecting from the vice can present a tripping hazard. e) Sawing machines can present a hazard of electric shock. f) Sharp edges on tools and work pieces can cause cuts. g) Blunt or damaged blades can present a hazard. h) Contact with cutting fluids, oil and grease can irritate the skin. i) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. j) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. k) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. l) Manual handling of bar stock can present a hazard. 11.6.2 Risk control measures |
| 91 | 11.7 Guillotines, shears (hand or treadle operated), folding and rolling machines 11.7.1 Hazards a) Closing movement between surfaces and other parts can result in trapping and serious injury. b) Sharp edges on cut materials can cause cuts. c) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. d) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. |
| 92 | e) Manual handling of sheet materials and operating levers or treadles can present a hazard. f) Entanglement of long hair, loose clothing, etc., in moving parts can present a hazard. 11.7.2 Risk control measures 11.8 Lapidary equipment 11.8.1 Hazards a) Grinding and polishing stones produces a very fine dust that can cause serious respiratory irritation. b) Pieces of stone can be ejected from the machine. c) The work area can become wet and slippery. |
| 93 | 11.8.2 Risk control measures 11.8.2.1 Grinding units 11.8.2.2 Cutting units 12 Motor vehicle work, machinery and equipment 12.1 Hazards a) Moving vehicles can crush or run over persons. b) Vehicles or components falling from supports, lifting equipment or vehicle hoists can trap or crush. c) Moving parts can trap or entangle. d) Inadvertent moving of vehicles and starting of engines/display machinery can present a hazard. e) Petrol vapours can cause fires or explode. f) Exhaust fumes can be inhaled. g) Inspection pits can accumulate flammable vapours/exhaust fumes. h) Inspection pits can present a falling hazard. i) High-tension ignition equipment can present an electric shock hazard. |
| 94 | j) Batteries give off an explosive hydrogen and oxygen mixture during and after charging. k) Arcing caused by making and breaking a circuit at battery terminals can cause batteries to explode. l) Short circuiting battery terminals or other connections can cause burns or ignition of flammable gases and vapours. m) Spilt oils/fluids and untidy work areas can cause slips and falls. n) Dust from brake and clutch linings (which can contain asbestos) can be inhaled. o) Hot exhaust system surfaces and brake discs/drums can cause burns. p) Hot cooling systems, engine oil and automatic transmission and power steering fluids can cause scalding and burns. q) Used engine/transmission oils and hydraulic fluids can irritate the skin. r) Hydrofluoric acid from burnt or overheated synthetic rubber oil seals, O-rings and fuel pipes can cause burns. s) Unintentional operation of air bags can present a hazard. t) Fuel from high-pressure diesel/petrol injection systems can spray into eyes and onto the skin and can penetrate the skin. u) Manual handling (lifting) of heavy components, materials and tools can present a hazard. 12.2 Risk control measures 12.2.1 General |
| 95 | 12.2.2 Batteries and chargers 12.2.3 Demonstration engines and ancillary equipment |
| 96 | 12.2.4 Fuel tanks 12.2.5 Brake and clutch linings |
| 97 | 12.2.6 Vehicle hoists 12.2.7 Jacks and axle stands 12.2.8 Inspection pits |
| 98 | 13 Moulding processes and equipment for plastics 13.1 Injection and extrusion moulding machines 13.1.1 Hazards a) Hot or molten plastics discharges from injection moulding machines can cause burns. b) Fumes can be inhaled. c) The machine can become unstable and cause injuries. d) Absorption of moisture by hygroscopic material (e.g. nylon) can present a risk of explosive discharges. 13.1.2 Risk control measures 13.2 Moulding trimming machines 13.2.1 Hazards a) Cutting blades or discs and the drive mechanism can cause injuries. b) Unstable equipment or work pieces can cause injuries. c) Trimmed material can cause injuries. |
| 99 | 13.2.2 Risk control measures 13.3 Vacuum forming machines 13.3.1 Hazards a) Fumes can be inhaled. b) Overheated plastics can cause burns or a fire. c) The pressure tank can fail and cause injury. 13.3.2 Risk control measures |
| 100 | 13.4 Hot wire cutters 13.4.1 Hazards a) Fumes and smoke can be inhaled. b) Contact of the hot wire cutter with the skin can cause burns. 13.4.2 Risk control measures |
| 101 | 13.5 Strip heaters and line bending heaters 13.5.1 Hazards a) Fumes can be inhaled. b) Hot plastics and hot surfaces can cause burns. c) Unstable equipment or work pieces can cause injury. d) Strip heaters present an electric shock hazard. 13.5.2 Risk control measures 13.6 Ovens 13.6.1 Hazards a) Fumes can be inhaled. b) Hot surfaces can cause burns. 13.6.2 Risk control measures |
| 102 | 13.7 Blow moulders 13.7.1 Hazards a) Fumes can be inhaled. b) Hot plastics and hot surfaces can cause burns. c) Unstable equipment or work pieces can cause injury. d) Dome blowers present an electric shock hazard. e) Compressed air presents a hazard (see 9.1.3). 13.7.2 Risk control measures 13.8 Hot air plastics welding 13.8.1 Hazards a) Fumes can be inhaled. b) Hot plastics, air and surfaces can cause burns or overheating. c) Unstable equipment or work pieces can cause injury. |
| 103 | d) Hot air guns can cause burns either through contact with the air or the gun. e) The equipment presents an electric shock hazard. f) Leads and hoses could be tripped over. 13.8.2 Risk control measures 14 Heat processes, plant and equipment for metals 14.1 Forging and brazing 14.1.1 Hazards a) Care should be taken when carrying hot metals (particularly metals at black heat that might not appear hot). b) Clay bricks should not be heated as they can disintegrate violently. c) Ceramic chips remain hot for a considerable time after the heat source has been removed. d) Foreign materials present in a forge can cause fumes. Stones can explode. e) Quenching of hot metals, particularly tubular components, can present a risk of scalding. f) Fuel combustion can produce dangerous gases. 14.1.2 Risk control measures |
| 104 | 14.2 Welding and welding installations 14.2.1 Hazards a) Compressed oxygen cylinders if damaged or involved in a fire can explode violently. b) Oxygen leaks make fires burn quicker and more violently. c) Cylinders of acetylene gas can explode violently if involved in a fire. d) Acetylene gas leaks can form an explosive mixture inside buildings. e) Welding equipment can present an electric shock hazard. f) Sparks can cause burns to skin, eyes and clothes. g) Hot metal components can cause burns. h) Chipping or cleaning welds can lead to eye injuries. i) Ultraviolet and infra-red radiation can cause “arc eye”, a painful (but usually temporary) eye condition. j) Welding can present a fire hazard. k) Explosive vapours can form inside containers that have contained flammable liquids. l) Hazardous fumes can be produced. m) Electromagnetic fields can affect the operation of pacemakers and other electronic medical devices. 14.2.2 General risk control measures |
| 105 | 14.2.3 Metal-arc welding (including spot welding) |
| 106 | 14.3 Plasma arc cutting 14.3.1 Hazards a) Ultra-violet radiation can cause eye damage. b) Hot sparks can cause fires or burns to nearby articles, etc. c) Articles being cut can release explosive vapours. d) The equipment can present an electric shock hazard. e) Leads and hoses could be tripped over. f) Jewellery can conduct electricity that could induce heating and cause burns. g) Toxic fumes could be generated by the cutting process. 14.3.2 Risk control measures |
| 107 | 14.4 Oxy-acetylene welding 14.5 Casting 14.5.1 Hazards a) Hot molten metal can present a hazard. b) Molten metal in contact with moisture on moulds and equipment can cause an explosion. |
| 108 | c) A violent reaction can occur between molten aluminium and various metallic oxides [e.g. iron oxide (rust)]. d) Degassing tablets cause fumes that can be harmful if inhaled. e) Some molten metals can give off harmful fumes. f) Expanded polystyrene patterns can produce large quantities of harmful fumes when in contact with molten metal. g) Manual handling of heavy, hot crucibles can present a hazard. 14.5.2 Risk control measures 14.6 Low temperature casting 14.6.1 Hazards a) Molten metal in contact with moisture on moulds and equipment can cause an explosion. b) Some molten metals can give off harmful fumes. c) Expanded polystyrene patterns can produce large quantities of harmful fumes when in contact with molten metal. |
| 109 | d) Hot metal can cause burns. e) Unstable equipment or work pieces can cause injury. f) The equipment can present an electric shock hazard. 14.6.2 Risk control measures 14.7 Centrifugal casting equipment 14.7.1 Hazards a) Centrifugal casting requires considerable expertise to carry out and to supervise effectively. b) Spillage or spray of molten metal can occur if the crucible or casting flask is poorly affixed, or if the crucible is cracked. 14.7.2 Risk control measures |
| 110 | 14.8 Vacuum and pressure casting equipment 14.9 Heat-treatment ovens 14.9.1 Hazards a) hot surfaces; b) electric shock; c) gas leaks from furnaces or pipework, which can produce an explosive mixture with air; d) fumes. 14.9.2 Risk control measures |
| 111 | 15 Chemical processes for metals and fabrics 15.1 General 15.2 Electronic circuit board etching 15.2.1 Hazards a) Ferric chloride [iron(III) chloride] is irritant and harmful. b) Sodium persulfate is an oxidizing agent and an irritant. 15.2.2 Risk control measures for ferric chloride |
| 112 | 15.2.3 Risk control measures for sodium persulfate 15.3 Soft soldering 15.3.1 Hazards 15.3.2 Risk control measures |
| 113 | 15.4 Vitreous enamelling 15.4.1 Hazards a) Finely ground borosilicate glass (coloured by trace metallic compounds) is toxic and an irritant to the skin and eyes. b) If an enamelled surface is reheated too quickly it can shatter and eject particles. 15.4.2 Risk control measures 15.5 Pickling (acid deoxidizing) and acid etching of metals 15.5.1 Hazards 15.5.2 Risk control measures 15.6 Dyes 15.6.1 Hazards a) Some dyes might be carcinogenic. b) Some dyes are classified as harmful or irritant to the skin and eyes. c) Some reactive dyes can produce sensitization and allergic reactions. |
| 114 | 15.6.2 Risk control measures 15.7 Mordants 15.7.1 Hazards a) Iron(II) (ferrous) sulfate, potassium dichromate(VI) and tin(II) (stannous) chloride are classified as harmful. b) Some dye fixatives (e.g. containing sodium silicate), and mordant solutions containing more than 0.5% potassium dichromate(VI… 15.7.2 Risk control measures |
| 115 | 15.8 Testing fibres and fabrics 15.8.1 Hazards a) The following solutions are classified as corrosive: b) The following solutions are classified as harmful: c) The following solutions are classified as irritant to skin and eyes: 15.8.2 Risk control measures |
| 116 | 15.9 Cleaning fibres and fabrics 15.9.1 Hazards a) Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride) and trichloromethane are toxic and should not be used as cleaning agents. b) Ammonia solution, methylated spirit, propanone, turpentine and 1,1,1-trichloroethane are harmful. c) Ammonia solution and sodium chlorate(I) (5% to 10% solutions) (bleach) are irritant to the eyes and skin. d) Ethanol, methylated spirit and propanone are highly flammable. e) Enzymes in clothes-washing powders or liquids can cause sensitization and/or allergic reactions. Washing powders and soaking agents can cause skin irritation. 15.9.2 Risk control measures 16 Computer-operated equipment 16.1 Laser cutters 16.1.1 Hazards a) The equipment can present an electric shock hazard. b) Leads could be tripped over. c) Fumes from materials being cut might be harmful. d) Looking into the light source when working on reflective materials might be harmful. e) Moving parts might present a tripping hazard. |
| 117 | 16.1.2 Risk control measures 16.2 Rapid prototyping including 3D printers, stereolithography (SLA), laser sintering, laminated object manufacture (LOM) 16.2.1 Hazards a) closing movements between parts under power feed, which can present a trapping hazard; b) heat, which can be involved in some processes; c) lasers; d) the nature of the material used to form the prototype; e) post-build curing processes. 16.2.2 Risk control measures |
| 118 | 16.3 Rapid prototyping (printing) machines 16.3.1 Hazards a) electric shock; b) leads, which could be tripped over; c) fumes; d) toxic materials; e) the ultraviolet light source. 16.3.2 Risk control measures 16.4 Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines 16.4.1 General 16.4.2 CNC controlled routers 16.4.2.1 Hazards a) Contact with revolving cutters can present a hazard. b) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled with rotating cutters or arbors. c) Broken cutters, waste, work pieces, etc., can be violently ejected. d) Wood dust can be inhaled. |
| 119 | e) Closing movement between parts, under power feed, can result in finger trapping. f) Closing movement between the table and fixed structures can result in body crushing. g) Heavy objects such as vices and jigs or fixtures can fall from the table. h) CNC routing machines can present an electric shock hazard. i) Sharp edges on cutters, work pieces and swarf can cause cuts. j) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. k) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. l) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. m) Manual handling of heavy equipment such as vices and index fixtures can present a hazard. 16.4.2.2 Risk control measures |
| 120 | 16.4.3 CNC controlled centre lathes 16.4.3.1 Hazards a) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled in moving parts of the lathe. b) Work pieces, chuck keys, broken cutting tools, swarf, etc., can be violently ejected from the lathe. c) CNC centre lathes can present an electric shock hazard. d) Closing movements between parts under power feed can present a trapping hazard. e) Sharp edges on tools, work pieces and swarf can cause cuts. f) Contact with cutting fluids, oil and grease can irritate the skin. g) Swarf can jam or be ejected if allowed to build up. h) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. i) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. j) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. k) Manual handling (lifting) of heavy equipment (e.g. chucks, faceplates) can present a hazard. 16.4.3.2 Risk control measures |
| 122 | 16.4.4 CNC controlled milling machines or machining centres, and engraving machines 16.4.4.1 Hazards a) Contact with revolving cutters can present a hazard. b) Long hair, loose clothing, etc., can become entangled with rotating cutters or arbors. c) Broken cutters, swarf, work pieces, etc., can be violently ejected. d) Closing movement between parts, under power feed, can result in finger trapping. e) Closing movement between the table and fixed structures can result in body crushing. f) Heavy objects such as vices and jigs and fixtures can fall from the table. g) CNC milling machines can present an electric shock hazard. h) Sharp edges on cutters, work pieces and swarf can cause cuts. i) Contact with cutting fluids, oils and greases can irritate the skin. j) Inadvertent starting of the machine can present a hazard. k) Lack of space around the machine can lead to the operator being pushed by passers-by. l) Slippery floor surfaces or loose items around the machine can cause slips that result in contact with moving parts. m) Manual handling of heavy equipment such as vices and index fixtures can present a hazard. 16.4.4.2 Risk control measures |
| 124 | Section 5: Materials 17 Materials 17.1 Materials data sheets 17.2 Asbestos and products containing asbestos 17.2.1 Hazards 17.2.2 Risk control measures 17.3 Adhesives 17.3.1 General 17.3.1.1 Hazards a) Adhesives in contact with the eyes can cause permanent injuries. b) Adhesives in contact with the skin can cause irritation. Some adhesives are toxic by absorption through the skin. Hot adhesives can cause burns. c) Inhalation of solvents, fumes and vapours can present a hazard and can cause respiratory sensitization. |
| 125 | d) Adhesives containers can spill or leak. e) Adhesives vapours can be highly flammable. 17.3.1.2 Risk control measures 17.3.2 Formaldehyde resins 17.3.2.1 Hazards a) Formaldehyde resins release toxic fumes, but at very low concentration. b) Inhalation of unmixed powder can present a hazard. c) Formaldehyde resins can irritate the eyes and skin. d) Some formaldehyde resins are highly flammable. e) Formaldehyde resins are a skin sensitizer. f) Liquid hardener can be corrosive. 17.3.2.2 Risk control measures 17.3.3 Epoxy and polyester resins 17.3.3.1 Hazards a) Epoxy and polyester resins are hazardous if ingested or absorbed through the skin. b) Vapour and dust can irritate the eyes and skin. Resins can be a cause of dermatitis. c) Dust from machining fully cured resin can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. d) Epoxy resins can produce highly flammable vapours. |
| 126 | 17.3.3.2 Risk control measures 17.3.4 Cyanoacrylate adhesives (“superglues”) 17.3.4.1 Hazards a) Cyanoacrylate adhesive vapours can irritate the skin and nasal passages. b) Cyanoacrylate adhesives can rapidly bond skin. 17.3.4.2 Risk control measures 17.3.5 Solvent-based rubber solutions and polymer cements 17.3.5.1 Hazards a) Solvent-based rubber solutions and polymer cements produce highly flammable vapours. b) Inhalation of vapours can be harmful. c) Solutions can irritate the skin and eyes. 17.3.5.2 Risk control measures 17.3.6 Rubber-based and water-based adhesives 17.3.6.1 Hazards |
| 127 | 17.3.6.2 Risk control measures 17.3.7 Acrylic cement 17.3.7.1 Hazards a) Inhalation of acrylic cement vapour can present a hazard. Vapours can irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. b) Methyl methacrylate is a respiratory sensitizer. c) Acrylic cement vapour is flammable and potentially explosive in air. 17.3.7.2 Risk control measures 17.3.8 Hot melt glue using glue guns 17.4 Plastics 17.4.1 General |
| 128 | 17.4.2 Acrylic and other thermoplastics materials 17.4.2.1 Hazards a) Dust from hand and machine cutting and shaping of acrylic and other thermoplastics materials can irritate the eyes, nose and throat. Inhalation of dust can present a hazard. b) Heat softened plastics can stick to skin. c) Work pieces can shatter during machining. 17.4.2.2 Risk control measures 17.4.3 Expanded polystyrene 17.4.3.1 Hazards a) Overheated expanded polystyrene can produce fumes. b) Dust or solid pieces can irritate the eyes. c) Inhalation of dust can irritate the upper respiratory tract. 17.4.3.2 Risk control measures |
| 129 | 17.4.4 Rigid polyurethane foam 17.4.4.1 Hazards a) Heated rigid polyurethane foam produces hazardous fumes. b) Dust from abrading can present a hazard. 17.4.4.2 Risk control measures 17.4.5 Glass reinforced polyester (GRP) resin 17.4.5.1 Hazards a) Polyester resin and glass reinforced polyester resin can produce fumes until fully cured. Fumes are flammable and can irritate the eyes and respiratory system. b) Very high concentrations of vapour can build up in confined spaces (e.g. inside a canoe). c) Resins degrease the skin and prolonged contact can cause dermatitis. d) Catalysts in resins are very irritating to the eyes, throat and upper respiratory system. Prolonged contact with the eyes causes permanent damage. e) Catalysts and accelerators can react violently or explode if mixed. 17.4.5.2 Risk control measures |
| 130 | 17.5 Timber 17.5.1 Hazards a) Wood dust irritates the eyes and respiratory tract. b) High exposure to wood dust can cause skin, lung and nasal disorders and, rarely, cancer. c) High concentrations of fine wood dust in the air can form an explosive mixture. d) Wood dust accumulated on surfaces is a fire hazard. e) Wood dust on the floor of the work area can be slippery. f) Brushing can create airborne dust. g) Handling heavy samples can be hazardous. 17.5.2 Risk control measures 17.6 Metals 17.6.1 Hazards a) Waste materials from processing metals can damage the eyes and skin. b) Coolants and cutting oils can irritate the eyes and can cause dermatitis. c) Falling materials can present a hazard. |
| 131 | 17.6.2 Risk control measures 17.7 Food and food components 17.7.1 General 17.7.2 Hazards a) fungi, bacteria and viruses, which can cause food poisoning; b) poor personal hygiene; c) inappropriate storage areas or temperatures; d) inappropriate food preparation areas; e) inappropriate clothing; f) cross contamination; g) inadequate cleaning; h) waste food. 17.7.3 Risk control measures |
| 132 | 17.8 Fabric and fibres 17.8.1 Hazards a) inappropriate storage of fabrics and fibres; b) needles, pins and other sharp implements; c) testing of fabrics, which can produce harmful fumes; d) dyes, mordants, paints, and inks; e) materials which can cause irritation. 17.8.2 Risk control measures |
| 133 | Section 6: Terms and definitions, and references 18 Terms and definitions 18.1 extra-low voltage 18.2 separated extra-low voltage SELV 18.3 low voltage 18.4 switch-disconnector 18.5 fused switch-disconnector |
| 134 | 18.6 residual current device 18.7 ingress protection (IP) rating 19 References 19.1 General 19.2 Government publications a) Regulations publications. |
| 135 | b) Guides and information. c) Department for Education and Skills publications. |
| 136 | d) Department of Education – Northern Ireland publications. 19.3 HSE publications |
| 137 | 19.4 Other publications a) Department for Communities and Local Government publications, PO Box 236, Wetherby LS23 7NB. b) Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers publications, 222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS. c) Institution of Electrical Engineers publications, The IEE, PO Box 96, Stevenage SG1 2SD. d) Design and Technology Association publications, 16 Wellesbourne House, Walton Road, Wellesbourne, Warwickshire CV35 9JB. |
| 138 | e) Manufacturing Technology Association publications, 62 Bayswater Road, London W2 3PS. f) LP Gas Association publications, Pavilion 16, Headlands Business Park, Salisbury Road, Ringwood, Hampshire BH24 3PG. g) CLEAPSS Health and Safety publications for design and technology, available from CLEAPSS, The Gardiner Building, Brunel Science Park, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PQ. Tel: 01895 251496. h) BEAMA Installation Ltd., Westminster Tower, 3 Albert Embankment, London SE 1 7SL. Tel: 020 7793 3013 email: [email protected] |
| 139 | 19.5 British Standards publications |
