🔥🔥 Don’t Miss Out on Our End of Autumn Sale. If you have any questions, feel free to click the bottom right corner to contact our customer service..

Concat us[email protected]
Shopping Cart

No products in the cart.

🔍
BS EN IEC 62271-100:2021:2022 Edition

BS EN IEC 62271-100:2021:2022 Edition

$215.11

High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Alternating current circuit-breakers

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 302
PDF Format Searchable Printable Preview Now
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Categories: ,

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

IEC 62271-100:2021 is applicable to three-phase AC circuit-breakers designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation at frequencies of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz on systems having voltages above 1 000 V. This document includes only direct testing methods for making-breaking tests. For synthetic testing methods refer to IEC 62271-101. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008, Amendment 1:2012 and Amendment 2:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: – the document has been updated to IEC 62271-1:2017; – Amendments 1 and 2 have been included; – the definitions have been updated, terms not used have been removed; – Subclauses 7.102 through 7.108 have been restructured.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 English
CONTENTS
16 FOREWORD
18 1 Scope
2 Normative references
19 3 Terms and definitions
20 3.1 General terms and definitions
24 3.2 Assemblies
3.3 Parts of assemblies
3.4 Switching devices
26 3.5 Parts of circuit-breakers
30 3.6 Operational characteristics
32 3.7 Characteristic quantities
34 Figures
Figure 1 – Typical oscillogram of a three-phase short-circuit make-break cycle
35 Figure 2 – Circuit-breaker without switching resistors – Opening and closing operations
36 Figure 3 – Circuit breaker without switching resistors – Close-open cycle
37 Figure 4 – Circuit-breaker without switching resistors – Reclosing (auto-reclosing)
38 Figure 5 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Opening and closing operations
39 Figure 6 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Close-open cycle
40 Figure 7 – Circuit-breaker with switching resistors – Reclosing (auto-reclosing)
48 3.8 Index of definitions
52 4 Normal and special service conditions
5 Ratings
5.1 General
53 5.2 Rated voltage (Ur)
5.3 Rated insulation level (Ud, Up, Us)
5.4 Rated frequency (fr)
5.5 Rated continuous current (Ir)
5.6 Rated short-time withstand current (Ik)
5.7 Rated peak withstand current (Ip)
5.8 Rated duration of short-circuit (tk)
5.9 Rated supply voltage of auxiliary and control circuits (Ua)
5.10 Rated supply frequency of auxiliary and control circuits
5.11 Rated pressure of compressed gas supply for controlled pressure systems
54 5.101 Rated short-circuit breaking current (Isc)
55 Figure 8 – Determination of short-circuit making and breaking currents, and of percentage DC component
56 Figure 9 – Percentage DC component in relation to the time interval from the initiation of the short-circuit for the different time constants
57 5.102 Rated first-pole-to-clear factor (kpp)
5.103 Rated short-circuit making current
5.104 Rated operating sequence
5.105 Rated out-of-phase making and breaking current
58 5.106 Rated capacitive currents
59 Tables
Table 1 – Preferred values of rated capacitive currents
60 6 Design and construction
6.1 Requirements for liquids
6.2 Requirements for gases
6.3 Earthing
61 6.4 Auxiliary and control equipment and circuits
6.5 Dependent power operation
6.6 Stored energy operation
6.7 Independent unlatched operation (independent manual or power operation)
6.8 Manually operated actuators
6.9 Operation of releases
62 6.10 Pressure/level indication
63 6.11 Nameplates
64 Table 2 – Nameplate information
65 6.12 Locking devices
6.13 Position indication
6.14 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures
6.15 Creepage distances for outdoor insulators
6.16 Gas and vacuum tightness
6.17 Tightness for liquid systems
6.18 Fire hazard (flammability)
6.19 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
6.20 X-ray emission
6.21 Corrosion
66 6.22 Filling levels for insulation, switching and/or operation
6.101 Requirements for simultaneity of poles during single closing and single opening operations
6.102 General requirement for operation
6.103 Pressure limits of fluids for operation
67 6.104 Vent outlets
6.105 Time quantities
6.106 Mechanical loads
68 6.107 Circuit-breaker classification
Table 3 – Examples of static horizontal and vertical forces for static terminal load
69 Table 4 – Number of mechanical operations
70 7 Type tests
7.1 General
71 Table 5 – Type tests
72 7.2 Dielectric tests
Table 6 – Invalid tests
75 Table 7 – Test requirements for voltage tests as condition checkfor metal-enclosed circuit-breakers
77 7.3 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
7.4 Resistance measurement
78 7.5 Continuous current tests
79 7.6 Short-time withstand current and peak withstand current tests
7.7 Verification of the protection
7.8 Tightness tests
7.9 Electromagnetic compatibility tests (EMC)
80 7.10 Additional tests on auxiliary and control circuits
7.11 X-radiation test procedure for vacuum interrupters
7.101 Mechanical and environmental tests
84 Table 8 – Number of operating sequences
87 Figure 10 – Example of wind velocity measurement
89 Figure 11 – Test sequence for low temperature test
90 Figure 12 – Test sequence for high temperature test
92 Figure 13 – Humidity test
93 7.102 Miscellaneous provisions for making and breaking tests
96 Figure 14 – Example of reference mechanical characteristics (idealised curve)
97 Figure 15 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14 with the envelopes centred over the reference curve (+5 %, –5 %)
98 Figure 16 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14 with the envelope fully displaced upward from the reference curve (+10 %, –0 %)
Figure 17 – Reference mechanical characteristics of Figure 14 with the envelope fully displaced downward from the reference curve (+0 %, –10 %)
100 Figure 18 – Equivalent testing set-up for unit testing of circuit-breakers with more than one separate making and breaking units
101 Figure 19 – Earthing of test circuits for single-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,5
102 Figure 20 – Earthing of test circuits for single-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,3
Figure 21 – Test circuit for single-phase out-of-phase tests
103 Figure 22 – Test circuit for out-of-phase tests using two voltagesseparated by 120 electrical degrees
Figure 23 – Test circuit for out-of-phase tests with one terminal of the circuit-breaker earthed (subject to agreement of the manufacturer)
104 Figure 24 – Example of prospective test TRV with four-parameter envelope which satisfies the conditions to be met during type test – Case of specified TRV with four-parameter reference line
105 Figure 25 – Example of prospective test TRV with two-parameter envelope which satisfies the conditions to be met during type test:case of specified TRV with two-parameter reference line
106 Figure 26 – Example of prospective test TRV-waves and their combined envelope in two-part test
111 7.103 General considerations for making and breaking tests
113 Figure 27 – Earthing of test circuits for three-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,5
114 Figure 28 – Earthing of test circuits for three-phase short-circuit tests, kpp = 1,3
116 Figure 29 – Determination of power frequency recovery voltage
117 Table 9 – Standard values of ITRV – Rated voltages 100 kV and above
118 7.104 Demonstration of arcing times
119 Figure 30 – Graphical representation of the time parameters for the demonstration of arcing times in three-phase tests of test-duty T100a
120 Figure 31 – Graphical representation of an example of the three valid symmetrical breaking operations for kpp = 1,5
121 Figure 32 – Graphical representation of the three valid symmetrical breaking operations for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3
122 Table 10 – Last current loop parameters in three-phase testsand in single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase conditionsin relation with short-circuit test-duty T100a – Tests for 50 Hz operation
123 Table 11 – Last current loop parameters in three-phase testsand in single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase conditionsin relation with short-circuit test-duty T100a – Tests for 60 Hz operation
125 Figure 33 – Graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical breaking operations for kpp = 1,5
126 Figure 34 – Graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical breaking operations for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3
127 Table 12 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase tests to demonstrate the breaking of the second-pole-to-clear for kpp = 1,3
128 Table 13 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase tests in substitution for three-phase tests to demonstrate the breaking of the third-pole-to-clear for kpp = 1,3
130 Figure 35 – Example of a graphical representation of the three valid symmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase conditionsfor kpp = 1,5
131 Figure 36 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid symmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase conditions for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3
133 Figure 37 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phase conditions for kpp = 1,5
134 Figure 38 – Example of a graphical representation of an example of the three valid asymmetrical breaking operations for single-phase tests in substitution of three-phasefor kpp = 1,2 and 1,3
135 Table 14 – Standard multipliers for TRV values for second and third clearing poles
Table 15 – Arcing window for tests with symmetrical current
136 Figure 39 – Graphical representation of the arcing window andthe pole factor kp, determining the TRV of the individual pole,for systems with a kpp of 1,2
Figure 40 – Graphical representation of the arcing window and the pole factor kp, determining the TRV of the individual pole, for systems with a kpp of 1,3
137 7.105 Short-circuit test quantities
Figure 41 – Graphical representation of the arcing window and the pole factor kp, determining the TRV of the individual pole, for systems with a kpp of 1,5
140 Figure 42 – Representation of a specified TRV by a 4-parameter reference line and a delay line
141 Figure 43 – Representation of a specified TRV by a two-parameter reference line and a delay line
Figure 44 – Basic circuit for terminal fault with ITRV
142 Figure 45 – Representation of ITRV in relationship to TRV
143 Table 16 – Values of prospective TRV for class S1 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5
145 Table 17 – Values of prospective TRV for class S1 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,3
147 Table 18 – Values of prospective TRV for class S2 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5
149 Table 19 – Values of prospective TRV for class S2 circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,3
152 Table 20 – Values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,2 or 1,3 – Rated voltages of 100 kV and above
154 Table 21 – Values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers rated for kpp = 1,5 –Rated voltages of 100 kV to 170 kV
156 Figure 46 – Example of line transient voltage with time delay with non-linear rate of rise
157 Table 22 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase testson class S1 circuit-breakers for kpp = 2,5
158 Table 23 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase testson class S1 circuit-breakers for kpp = 2,0
Table 24 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase testson class S2 circuit-breakers for kpp = 2,5
159 Table 25 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests onclass S2 circuit-breakers for kpp = 2,0
Table 26 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on circuit-breakersrated for kpp = 2,5 – Rated voltages of 100 kV to 170 kV
160 7.106 Short-circuit test procedure
Table 27 – Values of prospective TRV for out-of-phase tests on circuit-breakersrated for kpp = 2,0 – Rated voltages of 100 kV and above
162 7.107 Terminal fault tests
166 7.108 Additional short-circuit tests
167 Figure 47 – Necessity of additional single-phase tests and requirements for testing
168 Table 28 – Prospective TRV parameters for single-phase and double-earth fault tests
169 7.109 Short-line fault tests
170 Table 29 – Values of line characteristics for short-line faults
172 Figure 48 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing and prospective TRV-circuit-type a) according to 7.109.3: Source side and line side with time delay
173 Figure 49 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing – circuit type b1) according to 7.109.3: Source side with ITRV and line side with time delay
174 Figure 50 – Basic circuit arrangement for short-line fault testing – circuit type b2) according to 7.109.3: Source side with time delay and line side without time delay
175 Figure 51 – Example of a line side transient voltage with time delay
176 Figure 52 – Flow chart for the choice of short-line fault test circuits
178 Figure 53 – Compensation of deficiency of the source side time delayby an increase of the excursion of the line side voltage
180 Table 30 – Values of prospective TRV for the supply circuit of short-line fault tests
181 7.110 Out-of-phase making and breaking tests
182 Table 31 – Test-duties to demonstrate the out-of-phase rating
183 7.111 Capacitive current tests
185 Table 32 – Specified values of u1, t1, uc and t2
187 Table 33 – Common requirements for test-duties
194 Figure 54 – Recovery voltage for capacitive current breaking tests
196 Figure 55 – Reclassification procedure for line and cable-charging current tests
197 7.112 Requirements for making and breaking tests on class E2 circuit-breakers having a rated voltage above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV
Figure 56 – Reclassification procedure for capacitor bank current tests
198 8 Routine tests
8.1 General
Table 34 – Operating sequence for electrical endurance test on class E2circuit-breakers for auto-reclosing duty
199 8.2 Dielectric test on the main circuit
Table 35 – Application of voltage for dielectric test on the main circuit
200 Table 36 – Test voltage for partial discharge test
201 8.3 Tests on auxiliary and control circuits
8.4 Measurement of the resistance of the main circuit
8.5 Tightness test
8.6 Design and visual checks
8.101 Mechanical operating tests
203 9 Guide to the selection of switchgear and controlgear (informative)
9.101 General
205 9.102 Selection of rated values for service conditions
207 9.103 Selection of rated values for fault conditions
211 9.104 Selection for electrical endurance in networks of rated voltage above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
9.105 Selection for switching of capacitive loads
10 Information to be given with enquiries, tenders and orders (informative)
10.1 General
10.2 Information with enquiries and orders
212 10.3 Information to be given with tenders
214 11 Transport, storage, installation, operation instructions and maintenance
11.1 General
11.2 Conditions during transport, storage and installation
11.3 Installation
220 11.4 Operating instructions
11.5 Maintenance
221 11.101 Resistors and capacitors
12 Safety
13 Influence of the product on the environment
222 Annexes
Annex A (normative) Calculation of TRVs for short-line faults from rated characteristics
A.1 Basic approach
224 Figure A.1 – Typical graph of line and source side TRV parameters – Line side and source side with time delay
Table A.1 – Ratios of voltage-drop and source-side TRV
225 A.2 Transient voltage on line side
A.3 Transient voltage on source side
227 Figure A.2 – Actual course of the source side TRVfor short-line fault L90, L75 and L60
228 Figure A.3 – Typical graph of line and source side TRV parameters – Line side and source side with time delay, source side with ITRV
229 A.4 Examples of calculations
232 Annex B (normative) Tolerances on test quantities during type tests
233 Table B.1 – Tolerances on test quantities for type tests
241 Annex C (normative) Records and reports of type tests
C.1 Information and results to be recorded
C.2 Information to be included in type test reports
245 Annex D (normative) Method of determination of the prospective TRV
D.1 General
D.2 Drawing the envelope
246 D.3 Determination of parameters
247 Figure D.1 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –Case D.2 c) 1)
Figure D.2 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –Case D.2 c) 2)
248 Figure D.3 – Representation by four parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –Case D.2 c) 3) i)
Figure D.4 – Representation by two parameters of a prospective TRV of a circuit –Case D.2 c) 3) ii)
249 Annex E (normative) Methods of determining prospective TRV waves
E.1 General
250 Figure E.1 – Effect of depression on the peak value of the TRV
251 E.2 General summary of the recommended methods
252 E.3 Detailed consideration of the recommended methods
Figure E.2 – Breaking with arc-voltage present
253 Figure E.3 – TRV in case of ideal breaking
Figure E.4 – Breaking with pronounced premature current-zero
254 Figure E.5 – Relationship between the values of current and TRV occurring in test and those prospective to the system
255 Figure E.6 – Breaking with post-arc current
256 Figure E.7 – Schematic diagram of power-frequency current injection apparatus
257 Figure E.8 – Sequence of operation of power-frequency current injection apparatus
259 Figure E.9 – Schematic diagram of capacitance injection apparatus
260 Figure E.10 – Sequence of operation of capacitor-injection apparatus
263 E.4 Comparison of methods
264 Table E.1 – Methods for determination of prospective TRV
267 Annex F (informative) Requirements for breaking of transformer-limited faults by circuit-breakers with rated voltage higher than 1 kV
F.1 General
Figure F.1 – First example of transformer-limited fault (also called transformer-fed fault)
268 F.2 Circuit-breakers with rated voltage less than 100 kV
Figure F.2 – Second example of transformer-limited fault (also called transformer-secondary fault)
269 Table F.1 – Required values of prospective TRV for T30, for circuit-breakers intended to be connected to a transformer with a connection of small capacitance – Rated voltage higher than 1 kV and less than 100 kV for non-effectively earthed neutral systems
270 F.3 Circuit-breakers with rated voltage from 100 kV to 800 kV
F.4 Circuit-breakers with rated voltage higher than 800 kV
Table F.2 – Required values of prospective TRV for circuit-breakers with rated voltages higher than 800 kV intended to be connected to a transformer with a connection of low capacitance
271 Annex G (normative) Use of mechanical characteristics and related requirements
273 Annex H (normative) Requirements for making and breaking test procedures for metal-enclosed and dead tank circuit-breakers
H.1 General
H.2 Reduced number of making and breaking units for testing purposes
274 H.3 Tests for single pole in one enclosure
275 Figure H.1 – Test configuration considered in Table H.1, Table H.2 and Table H.3
Table H.1 – Three-phase capacitive current breaking in service conditions: voltages on the source-side, load-side, and recovery voltages
276 Table H.2 – Corresponding capacitive current-breaking tests in accordance with 7.111.7 for single-phase laboratory tests. Values of voltageson the source-side, load-side, and recovery voltages
277 H.4 Tests for three poles in one enclosure
278 Table H.3 – Capacitive current breaking in actual service conditions: maximum typical voltage values
279 Annex I (normative) Requirements for circuit-breakers with opening resistors
I.1 General
I.2 Switching performance to be verified
Figure I.1 – Typical system configuration for breaking by a circuit-breaker with opening resistors
281 Figure I.2 – Test circuit for test-duties T60 and T100
282 Figure I.3 – Test circuit for test-duties T10, T30 and OP2
283 Table I.1 – Results of the TRV calculation for terminal faults and out-of-phase
284 Figure I.4 – Example of an underdamped TRV for T100s(b),Ur = 1 100 kV Isc = 50 kA, fr = 50 Hz
285 Figure I.5 – Example of an overdamped TRV for T10,Ur = 1 100 kV Isc = 50 kA, fr = 50 Hz
286 Figure I.6 – Example of a test circuit for short-line fault test-duty L90
287 Figure I.7 – Example of real line simulation for short-line fault test-duty L90 based on Ur = 1 100 kV, Isc = 50 kA and fr = 50 Hz
Table I.2 – Results of the TRV calculation for test-duty L90
289 Figure I.8 – Typical recovery voltage waveshape of capacitive current breaking on a circuit-breaker equipped with opening resistors
290 Figure I.9 – Typical recovery voltage waveshape of T10(based on Ur = 1 100 kV, Isc = 50 kA and fr = 50 Hz) on the resistorswitch of a circuit-breaker equipped with opening resistors
Table I.3 – Results of the TRV calculations for test-duty T10
292 I.3 Insertion time of the resistor
I.4 Current carrying performance
I.5 Dielectric performance
I.6 Mechanical performance
I.7 Requirements for the specification of opening resistors
I.8 Examples of recovery voltage waveshapes
293 Figure I.10 – TRV waveshapes for high short-circuit current breaking operation
294 Figure I.11 – Currents in case of high short-circuit current breaking operation
295 Figure I.12 – TRV shapes for low short-circuit current breaking operation
296 Figure I.13 – Currents in case of low short-circuit current breaking operation
297 Figure I.14 – Voltage waveshapes for line-charging current breaking operation
298 Figure I.15 – Current waveshapes for line-charging current breaking operation
299 Annex J (normative) Verification of capacitive current breaking in presence of single or two-phase earth faults
J.1 General
J.2 Test voltage
J.3 Test current
300 J.4 Test-duty
J.5 Criteria to pass the tests
301 Bibliography

Related products

BS EN IEC 62271-100:2021
$215.11