BSI PD CEN/TR 16911:2015:2016 Edition
$167.15
Heat meters. Recommendations for circulation water in industrial and district heating systems and their operation
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2016 | 38 |
This Technical Report applies to industrial and district heating supply by means of high-temperature water heating facilities (flow temperature > 100 °C). This also applies to high-temperature water heating facilities (flow temperature ≤ 100 °C) that are directly connected to district heating networks. In this Technical Report, the aforementioned supply variants will, in the following, be referred to as “ district heating facilities”.
This document applies without limitations to new facilities. For existing district heating facilities, the application of this Technical Report is recommended in order to prevent faults due to the chemical composition of the circulation water that would affect the facilities’ safe operability and availability.
Informative notes in the form of guidance and recommendations are identified correspondingly and set in italics for better differentiation.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | Contents Page |
| 6 | European foreword |
| 7 | Introduction |
| 8 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 General |
| 10 | 3.2 Types of water |
| 11 | 3.3 Units 3.3.1 General 3.3.2 Measurands 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Chemical terms |
| 12 | 4.2 Technical terms 5 Water quality 5.1 General |
| 13 | 5.2 Effects of the water constituents 5.2.1 Gases 5.2.1.1 General 5.2.1.2 Oxygen 5.2.1.3 Nitrogen |
| 14 | 5.2.1.4 Carbon dioxide 5.2.2 Water-insoluble substances 5.2.3 Water-soluble substances 5.2.3.1 Hardness components (alkaline earth) 5.2.3.2 Chloride and sulphate 5.2.3.3 Hydrogen carbonate 5.2.3.4 Organic substances |
| 15 | 5.2.4 Oils/greases 6 Systems engineering 6.1 Systems conception 6.1.1 General 6.1.2 Materials |
| 16 | 6.1.3 Pressure maintenance and water supply |
| 17 | Table 1 — Overview of pressure maintenance (PM) procedures 6.2 Water treatment techniques 6.2.1 General |
| 18 | 6.2.2 Filtering 6.2.3 Demineralization 6.2.4 Softening 6.2.5 Degassing 6.2.6 Catalytic and electrochemical oxygen scavenging |
| 19 | 7 Production technology 7.1 Standard values for the circulation water |
| 20 | Table 2 — Standard values for the circulation water of directly or indirectly heated systems 7.2 Low-salt operation 7.3 Salty operation |
| 21 | 7.4 Technical aspects related to the operation 7.4.1 General 7.4.2 Filling and supplementary water |
| 22 | 7.4.3 Underpressure |
| 23 | 7.4.4 Exceptional operating conditions 7.4.4.1 Shutdown 7.4.4.2 Start-up/pressure test 7.4.5 Direct heating 7.4.6 Indirect heating 7.4.7 Partial evaporation |
| 24 | 7.5 Conditioning 7.5.1 General 7.5.2 pH value increase |
| 25 | 7.5.3 Hardness stabilizing 7.5.4 Oxygen scavenging 7.5.4.1 General 7.5.4.2 Inorganic oxygen scavengers |
| 26 | 7.5.4.3 Organic oxygen scavengers 7.5.5 Corrosion inhibitors |
| 27 | 7.5.6 Water tracing dyes for the circulation water 7.5.7 Antifreezing agents 7.6 Monitoring 7.6.1 General 7.6.2 Assessment criteria |
| 29 | 7.6.3 Measurement frequency |
| 30 | Table 3 — Measurement frequency 7.6.4 Dosing of conditioning agents |
| 31 | Figure 1 — Dosing system 7.6.5 Sampling |
| 32 | Figure 2 — Sampling equipment |
| 33 | 7.6.6 Measurement procedures 8 Hygienic, toxicological and environmental aspects 8.1 General 8.2 Hygienic and toxicological aspects |
| 34 | 8.3 Environmental aspects |
| 35 | Bibliography |
