IEEE 754-2008

$62.83

IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2008	70

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Description

Revision Standard – Superseded. This standard specifies formats and methods for floating-point arithmetic in computer systems: standard and extended functions with single, double, extended, and extendable precision, and recommends formats for data interchange. Exception conditions are defined and standard handling of these conditions is specified.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std 754™-2008 Front cover
3	Title page
6	Introduction
7	Notice to users Laws and regulations Copyrights Updating of IEEE documents Errata Interpretations
8	Patents Participants
11	Contents
13	Important notice 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Inclusions
14	1.4 Exclusions 1.5 Programming environment considerations 1.6 Word usage
15	2. Definitions, abbreviations, and acronyms 2.1 Definitions
17	2.2 Abbreviations and acronyms
18	3. Floating-point formats 3.1 Overview 3.1.1 Formats 3.1.2 Conformance
19	3.2 Specification levels 3.3 Sets of floating-point data
21	3.4 Binary interchange format encodings
22	3.5 Decimal interchange format encodings 3.5.1 Cohorts 3.5.2 Encodings
25	3.6 Interchange format parameters
26	3.7 Extended and extendable precisions
27	4. Attributes and rounding 4.1 Attribute specification 4.2 Dynamic modes for attributes
28	4.3 Rounding-direction attributes 4.3.1 Rounding-direction attributes to nearest 4.3.2 Directed rounding attributes 4.3.3 Rounding attribute requirements
29	5. Operations 5.1 Overview
30	5.2 Decimal exponent calculation
31	5.3 Homogeneous general-computational operations 5.3.1 General operations
32	5.3.2 Decimal operation 5.3.3 logBFormat operations
33	5.4 formatOf general-computational operations 5.4.1 Arithmetic operations
34	5.4.2 Conversion operations for floating-point formats and decimal character sequences 5.4.3 Conversion operations for binary formats
35	5.5 Quiet-computational operations 5.5.1 Sign bit operations 5.5.2 Decimal re-encoding operations
36	5.6 Signaling-computational operations 5.6.1 Comparisons 5.7 Non-computational operations 5.7.1 Conformance predicates
37	5.7.2 General operations
38	5.7.3 Decimal operation 5.7.4 Operations on subsets of flags 5.8 Details of conversions from floating-point to integer formats
39	5.9 Details of operations to round a floating-point datum to integral value
40	5.10 Details of totalOrder predicate
41	5.11 Details of comparison predicates
42	5.12 Details of conversion between floating-point data and external character sequences
43	5.12.1 External character sequences representing zeros, infinities, and NaNs 5.12.2 External decimal character sequences representing finite numbers
45	5.12.3 External hexadecimal-significand character sequences representing finite numbers
46	6. Infinity, NaNs, and sign bit 6.1 Infinity arithmetic 6.2 Operations with NaNs 6.2.1 NaN encodings in binary formats
47	6.2.2 NaN encodings in decimal formats 6.2.3 NaN propagation 6.3 The sign bit
48	7. Default exception handling 7.1 Overview: exceptions and flags
49	7.2 Invalid operation 7.3 Division by zero 7.4 Overflow
50	7.5 Underflow 7.6 Inexact
51	8. Alternate exception handling attributes 8.1 Overview 8.2 Resuming alternate exception handling attributes
52	8.3 Immediate and delayed alternate exception handling attributes
53	9. Recommended operations 9.1 Conforming language- and implementation-defined functions 9.1.1 Exceptions
54	9.2 Recommended correctly rounded functions
55	9.2.1 Special values
58	9.3 Operations on dynamic modes for attributes 9.3.1 Operations on individual dynamic modes 9.3.2 Operations on all dynamic modes 9.4 Reduction operations
60	10. Expression evaluation 10.1 Expression evaluation rules 10.2 Assignments, parameters, and function values
61	10.3 preferredWidth attributes for expression evaluation
62	10.4 Literal meaning and value-changing optimizations
63	11. Reproducible floating-point results
65	Annex A (informative) Bibliography
67	Annex B (informative) Program debugging support
69	Index of operations