IEEE C57.147-2018(Redline)
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IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Insulating Liquid in Transformers (Redline)
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| IEEE | 2018 | 47 |
Revision Standard – Active. Assistance to equipment manufacturers and service companies to evaluate the suitability of unused natural ester insulating liquids being received from suppliers is provided in this guide. Information for transformer operators in evaluating and maintaining natural ester insulating liquids in serviceable condition is also provided.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | IEEE Std C57.147™-2018 Front cover |
| 2 | Title page |
| 4 | Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents |
| 7 | Participants |
| 9 | Introduction |
| 10 | Contents |
| 12 | 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 1.3 System design |
| 13 | 1.4 Background information on mixtures of natural ester liquids with other dielectric liquids 2. Normative references |
| 15 | 3. Acronyms and abbreviations |
| 16 | 4. Liquid tests and the significance of each test 4.1 General |
| 17 | 4.2 Practices for sampling (ASTM D923) 4.3 Acid number (ASTM D664 and ASTM D974) |
| 18 | 4.4 Dielectric breakdown voltage (ASTM D1816) 4.5 Dielectric breakdown voltage—impulse conditions (ASTM D3300) |
| 19 | 4.6 AC loss characteristics—dissipation factor and relative permittivity (ASTM D924) 4.7 Interfacial tension (ASTM D971) 4.8 Color (ASTM D1500) |
| 20 | 4.9 Kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) 4.10 Flash point and fire point—Cleveland Open Cup Method (ASTM D92) 4.11 Relative density (ASTM D1298) 4.12 Pour point (ASTM D97, ASTM D5949 [B5], and ASTM D5950 [B6]) |
| 21 | 4.13 Volume resistivity (ASTM D1169) 4.14 Gas analysis (ASTM D3284, D3612) |
| 22 | 4.15 Oxidation stability |
| 23 | 4.16 Water content—Karl Fischer Method (ASTM D1533) 4.17 Visual examination of used liquids (ASTM D1524) 4.18 Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization (ASTM D2300) |
| 24 | 4.19 Corrosive sulfur test (ASTM D1275) 4.20 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (ASTM D4059) 4.21 Furanic compounds (ASTM D5837) 5. Liquid compatibility with transformer materials 6. Handling and evaluation of natural ester liquids for use in filling transformers at the installation site 6.1 General 6.2 Shipping containers |
| 25 | 6.3 Check tests on receipt 6.4 Handling of the liquid by the user and placing the liquid in storage |
| 27 | 6.5 Handling and testing of natural ester liquids for installation into apparatus |
| 28 | 7. Evaluation of natural ester liquids received in new equipment and after filling apparatus on-site |
| 29 | 8. Maintenance of natural ester liquids 8.1 Field screening |
| 30 | 8.2 Laboratory screening 8.3 Test limits for in-service natural ester liquids |
| 31 | 8.4 Reconditioning |
| 32 | 8.5 Reclaiming |
| 33 | 8.6 Mixtures of different types of insulating liquids 9. General environmental procedures 9.1 General 9.2 Leaks 9.3 Minor spills |
| 34 | 9.4 Spills on soil 9.5 Spills on water |
| 35 | Annex A (informative) Bibliography |
| 39 | Annex B (informative) Additional technical information B.1 Relative moisture saturation of natural esters compared to conventional mineral oil |
| 40 | B.2 Service-aged natural ester liquids |
| 41 | B.3 Examples of key properties of mixtures of an unused natural ester with unused mineral oil |
| 43 | Annex C (informative) Additional information on fire, safety, environmental, and sustainable properties of natural esters C.1 Fire safety considerations |
| 44 | C.2 Environmental and health safety considerations C.3 Sustainability considerations |
| 45 | Annex D (informative) Discussion regarding natural ester immersed load tap changers (LTCs) |
| 47 | Back cover |
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