IES LEM 3 2013

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IES LEM-3 IES Guidelines for Upgrading Lighting Systems in Commercial and Institutional Spaces

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IES	2013	87

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Category: IES

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Description

LEM-3-13 has been organized into three sections, each presenting more specific information than the last. The information has been assembled as a series of Briefs(see table of contents), each typically being one to three pages, allowing the user to concentrate on the particular topic at hand. The section on Upgrade Briefs describes the general issues involved with most upgrade projects. These are topics that the practitioner may consider, regardless of the technologies or applications involved. The key to a successful upgrade is a solid understanding of the equipment involved. The section on Technology Briefs discusses the various types of equipment typically used in an upgrade, presenting those state-of-the-art alternatives currently available to the practitioner. Presented in Applications Section are four applications where upgrading may offer substantial energy savings. These include offices, retail establishments, schools, and health care facilities. LEM-3-13 closes with a glossary of terms typically used in the upgrade process and lighting in general (see Annexes A and C).

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Cover
2	Copyright
4	Committee
6	Contents
10	1.0 Introduction 1.1 Audience 1.2 Lighting Upgrade: Retrofit or Redesign?
11	1.3 The Upgrade Process
12	1.4 Common Practice
13	1.5 Using This Document 1.5.1 Generic Issues for Upgrade Projects 1.5.2 Equipment Alternatives for Upgrade Projects 1.5.3 Energy-Saving Upgrades
14	1.5.4 Lighting Terminology 2.0 Upgrade Briefs 2.1 Lighting Assessment 2.1.1 The Assessment
15	2.2 Economic Issues 2.2.1 Introduction
16	2.2.2 Assessment and Initial Determination
17	2.2.3 Gaining the Expertise to Realize Economic Gains
18	2.2.4 Economic Considerations That May Be Overlooked 2.3 Lighting Quality and Quantity 2.3.1 Redesign vs. Retrofit
19	2.3.2 Uniformity 2.3.3 Lighting Walls and Ceilings
20	2.3.4 Glare 2.3.5 Color 2.3.6 Task Lighting 2.4 Codes and Standards
21	2.4.1 Building Permits 2.4.2 Energy Standards and Codes 2.4.2.1 U.S. Standards and Codes
22	2.4.2.2 Canadian Standards and Codes 2.4.2.3 Mexican Standards and Codes 2.4.2.4 Additional Outdoor Lighting Standards and Ordinances
23	2.4.3 Electrical Codes 2.4.4 Electromagnetic and Radio Interference
24	2.4.5 Health and Safety 2.4.6 Hazardous Material 2.4.7 Emergency Lighting 2.4.8 Exit Signs 2.4.9 Vandalism
25	2.4.10 Manufacturer Warranties 2.5 Commissioning 2.5.1 Luminaire Replacements and Upgrades 2.5.2 Lighting Controls 2.5.2.1 Occupancy Sensors
26	2.5.2.2 Daylight Harvesting 2.5.2.3 Calibration of Daylight Harvesting Controls 2.5.2.4 Zonal and Scene Controls 2.5.2.5 Lighting Control Systems 2.5.3 Project Training and Documentation 2.5.3.1 Project Training
27	2.5.3.2 Equipment Warranties and Service Instructions 2.5.3.3 Project Documentation 2.6 Service and Maintenance Issues 2.6.1 Minimize Lamp Types Deployed
28	2.6.2 Reduce Lamp Quantities 2.6.3 Use Extended Life Lamps 2.6.4 Ballast Type and Lamp Life 2.6.5 Maintenance and Warranty Issues 2.6.6 Facility Management Education
29	2.6.7 Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD) 2.6.8 Relamping 2.6.8.1 Group Relamping 2.6.8.2 Spot Relamping 2.6.8.3 Lampholders 2.7 Lamp and Ballast Disposal 2.7.1 Introduction 2.7.2 Lamp Mercury Content
30	2.7.3 Lamp Disposal 2.7.4 Lamp Recycling 2.7.5 Lamp Breakage
31	2.7.6 PCBs in Ballasts 2.7.7 Conclusion 3.0 Technology Briefs 3.1 T8 Fluorescent Lamps
34	3.1.1 Ballast Types 3.1.2 Ballast Factor 3.2 Ballasts for T8 Fluorescent Lamps
35	3.2.1 Load Shed/Demand Response Ballasts 3.2.2 Multi-Lamp Ballasts 3.2.3 Electronic Dimming Ballasts 3.2.4 Total Harmonic Distortion 3.2.5 Ballast Case 3.2.6 Voltage 3.2.7 Ballast and Lamp Life Warranties 3.3 T5 Fluorescent Lamps
36	3.4 Ballasts for T5 Fluorescent Lamps 3.4.1 T5 Lamp Starting
37	3.4.2 Multi-Lamp Ballasts 3.4.3 Electronic Dimming Ballasts
38	3.4.4 Total Harmonic Distortion 3.4.5 Voltage 3.4.6 Ballast and Lamp Life Warranties 3.4.7 Ballast Efficiency Standards 3.5 LED Technologies 3.5.1 Considerations When Selecting an LED
39	3.5.2 LED Applications 3.5.3 Additional Resources for LED Evaluation and Selection
40	3.6 Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)
41	3.6.1 Selecting Compact Fluorescent Lamps 3.6.1.1 Medium and Candelabra Screw Based Compact Fluorescent Lamps 3.6.1.2 Pin-based Compact Fluorescent Lamps
42	3.7 Lenses and Louvers 3.7.1 Lenses 3.7.2 Louvers 3.7.3 Words of Caution 3.8 Reflectors 3.8.1 Reflector Defined 3.8.2 Reflectors with Troffers
43	3.8.3 Reflectors with Luminaire Strips 3.8.4 Reflector Materials 3.8.5 Words of Caution 3.9 Upgrading Troffer Luminaires
44	3.9.1 2 × 4 Troffers 3.9.2 2 × 2 Troffers 3.10 Upgrading Fluorescent Strip or Industrial Reflector (Hooded) Luminaires
45	3.11 Upgrading Wraparound Luminaires 3.12 Upgrading Recessed Downlights 3.12.1 Types of Recessed Downlights 3.12.2 Basic Upgrade Strategies 3.12.3 Other Downlight Upgrades
46	3.13 Upgrading High-bay and Low-bay Luminaires
47	3.14 Upgrading Lighting Control Systems 3.14.1 Codes and Standards for Lighting Controls 3.14.2 Confirm Space Usage Patterns 3.14.3 Control Strategies
48	3.14.3.1 Time Based Strategies 3.14.3.2 Occupancy Based Control Strategies
49	3.14.3.3 Illuminance Based Control Strategies 3.14.4 Wiring Accessibility 3.15 Upgrading Exit Signs 3.15.1 Energy and Maintenance Considerations 3.15.2 Exit Types and Preferences 3.15.3 Codes
51	3.15.4 The ‘Retrofit or Replace’ Decision 3.15.5 Exit Sign Battery Back-up and Flood Heads 3.16 Upgrading Task Lighting
52	3.16.1 Typical Light Sources for Task lighting 3.16.2 Upgrading Existing Task Lights 3.16.3 Relying More on Task Lighting
53	3.17 Daylight Harvesting 3.17.1 Daylighting Considerations 3.17.2 Harvesting Daylight to Reduce Electric Light
54	3.18 Peak-load Reduction 3.18.1 Basic Strategies in Reducing Peak-load 3.18.1.1 Review Utility Bills 3.18.1.2 Manually Operated Control Strategies
55	3.18.1.3 Automatic Real-time Strategies 3.18.2 Load Reduction Trade-offs 3.18.3 Rebates – Utility Load Curtailment Programs 3.19 Current Research 3.19.1 Scotopically-rich Lighting and Visual Performance 3.19.2 Lighting Quality Research 4.0 Application Briefs
56	4.1 Office Lighting Upgrades 4.1.1 Upgrading General Lighting Systems in Offices 4.1.2 Upgrading Other Lighting in Offices 4.1.3 Controls in the Office Environment 4.2 School Lighting Upgrades 4.2.1 Upgrading Lighting Systems in Schools
57	4.2.2 Lighting and Controls Design Guidelines
58	4.3 Retail Lighting Upgrades 4.3.1 Overview 4.3.2 General Lighting for Retail 4.3.3 Supplemental Lighting Systems for Retail
59	4.3.4 Controls 4.4 Health Care Facility Lighting Upgrades 4.4.1 Overview 4.4.2 General Lighting for Healthcare Facilities 4.4.3 Supplemental Lighting Systems with Healthcare Concerns
60	4.4.4 Controls Summary Annex A – Field Measurements
63	Annex B – Illuminance Meters
64	Annex C – Lighting Terms
83	Annex D – Forms
86	References

Additional information

Standard Title	IES LEM-3 IES Guidelines for Upgrading Lighting Systems in Commercial and Institutional Spaces
Published Code	IES
Publication Date	2013
Pages Count	87

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