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VA DesignManuals PG 18 10 dmMEhosp

VA DesignManuals PG 18 10 dmMEhosp

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VA Design Manuals (PG-18-10) – HVAC – Most building types

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
VeteransAffairs N/A 284
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33 APPENDIX A: VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM
39 2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 BASIS OF DESIGN
2.2.1 OUTDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS
2.2.1.1 Cooling and Heating Load Calculations
2.2.1.2 Cooling Tower Selection
2.2.1.3 Preheat Coil Selection
2.2.1.4 Electrical Heating Devices Using Emergency Power
2.2.2 INDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS
40 2.2.2.1 Indoor Minimum Relative Humidity
2.2.3 COOLING AND HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS – PARAMETERS
2.2.3.1 Occupancy
2.2.3.2 Light and Power Loads
2.2.3.3 Building Thermal Envelope
2.2.3.4 Outdoor Air For Ventilation (Calculation Requirements)
41 2.2.4 COOLING AND HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
2.2.4.1 Room Data Output
2.2.4.2 AHU Peak Cooling Load
2.2.4.3 AHU Peak Supply Air Volume
2.2.4.4 AHU Supply Air Volume and Duct Leakage Factor
42 2.2.4.5 Psychrometric Analysis
2.2.4.6 Building Peak Cooling Load
2.2.5 ROOM TEMPERATURE CONTROLS
2.2.5.1 Definition
2.2.5.2 Individually Temperature Controlled Spaces
2.2.5.3 Group Temperature Control
43 2.2.5.4 Open Spaces
2.2.6 PERIMETER HEATING
2.2.6.1 General
2.2.6.2 Heating System Description
2.2.6.3 Heating Medium
2.3 SPECIAL STUDIES
44 2.3.1 ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS
2.3.1.1 General
2.3.1.2 Acoustic Mitigation Measures – HVAC Systems (Not including Cooling Towers)
2.3.1.3 Acoustic Mitigation Measures – Cooling Towers
45 2.3.1.4 Unitary Equipment
2.3.2 DISPERSION ANALYSIS
2.3.2.1 General
2.3.2.2 Scope of Work
2.4 BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE (EXISTING FACILITIES ONLY)
46 2.5 BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE (NEW FACILITIES)
2.6 VIBRATION CONTROL
2.7 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS
2.7.1 GENERAL
2.7.2 EXCEPTIONS
2.7.3 Conformance with SMACNA
47 2.7.4 CALCULATIONS
2.7.5 DRAWINGS
2.7.5.1 General
2.7.5.2 Ductwork and Piping Plans and Sections
2.7.5.3 Equipment Restraints
2.8 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION
2.8.1 COMPLIANCE
2.8.2 EQUIPMENT AND CRITERIA
2.8.2.1 Smoke Dampers and Detectors
48 2.8.2.2 Fire Dampers
2.8.2.3 Stair Pressurization
2.8.2.4 Engineered Smoke Control System
2.8.2.5 Atrium Smoke Control System
2.8.2.6 Elevator Shaft Venting
2.9 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
2.9.1 SITE SURVEY
2.9.1.1 Site Visits
2.9.1.2 Field Survey Report
49 2.9.1.3 Additional Work
2.9.2 MODIFICATIONS – EXISTING SYSTEMS
2.9.2.1 Steam Radiators
2.9.2.2 DDC Controls
2.9.2.3 Existing Ductwork
2.9.2.4 Refrigerant Removal
2.10 PROJECT PLANNING
2.10.1 PHASING
2.10.2 UTILITY CONNECTIONS AND OUTAGES
50 2.11 DEMOLITION WORK
2.12 LOCATIONS OF OUTDOOR AIR INTAKES AND EXHAUST AIR OUTLETS
2.12.1 COMPLIANCE – PHYSICAL SECURITY
2.12.2 GENERAL
2.12.3 COMMON OUTDOOR AIR INTAKE
2.13 BID PACKAGE COORDINATION
59 3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 ALL-AIR SYSTEMS
3.2.1 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
3.2.1.1 System Selection
60 3.2.1.2 Maximum Capacity
3.2.1.3 AHU Configuration
3.2.1.4 Rooftop Air-Handling Units
61 3.2.1.5 Supply Air Fan Selection
3.2.1.6 Air Distribution
3.2.1.7 Glycol
3.2.2 ALL-AIR SYSTEM COMPONENTS
3.2.2.1 Supply Air Fan(s)
62 3.2.2.2 Return Air Fan(s)
3.2.2.3 Exhaust Fan(s)
3.2.2.4 Motor Voltages
3.2.2.5 AHU Casing
63 3.2.2.6 Access Sections and Mixing Box
3.2.2.7 Blender Section
3.2.2.8 Drain Pan
3.2.2.9 Cooling Coils
3.2.2.10 Preheat Coils
64 3.2.2.11 Unit-Mounted Reheat Coils
3.2.2.12 Corrosion Protection – Coils
65 3.2.2.13 Filtration
66 3.2.2.14 Humidifiers – Steam
3.2.2.15 Humidifiers – Gas-Fired
67 3.2.3 ALL-AIR SYSTEM – TYPES
3.2.3.1 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
3.2.3.2 Constant Volume (CV) Systems
3.2.3.3 Air Terminal Units
68 3.3 TERMINAL COOLING AND HEATING SYSTEMS
3.3.1 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
3.3.1.1 Terminal Cooling Systems
3.3.1.2 DX Terminal Units
69 3.3.1.3 Fan Coil Units
3.3.1.4 Minimum Ventilation Air
3.3.1.5 Minimum Ventilation Air-Handling Units (100% Outdoor Air)
3.3.2 FAN COIL UNITS – SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
70 3.3.2.1 System Applications
3.3.2.2 Cooling Coil Condensate Piping
3.3.2.3 Filtration
3.3.2.4 Acoustic Measures
3.3.2.5 Controls
3.4 HEATING AND VENTILATION UNITS (HVU)
71 3.4.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS
3.4.1.1 Total Air Changes per Hour
3.4.1.2 Heating Mode
3.4.2 CENTRAL VENTILATION AND/OR HEATING SYSTEM
3.4.3 SPLIT-FUNCTION OR SEPARATE HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM
3.5 SUPPLY AIR OUTLETS
72 3.6 HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS
3.6.1 SENSIBLE HEAT TRANSFER
3.6.1.1 Runaround System
3.6.1.2 Fixed-Plate System (Air-to-Air)
73 3.6.1.3 Heat Pipes
3.6.1.4 Heat Wheel
3.6.2 SENSIBLE AND LATENT HEAT TRANSFER
3.6.2.1 Desiccant (Enthalpy) Heat Wheels
74 3.6.3 LOAD CREDIT
3.6.4 EXCEPTIONS – HEAT RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
3.7 EXHAUST SYSTEMS
3.7.1 GENERAL EXHAUST SYSTEM
3.7.1.1 Applications – Individual Spaces
75 3.7.1.2 Applications – Air-Handling Unit Systems
3.7.2 SPECIAL EXHAUST SYSTEM – APPLICATIONS
3.7.2.1 Dry Exhaust Systems
3.7.2.2 Wet Exhaust Systems
76 3.8 FUME HOOD EXHAUST SYSTEMS
3.8.1 GENERAL
3.8.2 SPECIAL REQUIREMENT
3.8.3 COMPLIANCE
3.8.4 BASIS OF DESIGN (H3 AND H7 HOODS)
3.8.4.1 General
3.8.4.2 Specific Requirements
77 3.8.5 H14 HOODS
78 3.8.6 EXHAUST AIR VOLUME
79 3.8.7 EXHAUST SYSTEM DESIGN
3.8.7.1 Constant Volume (CV) Design
3.8.7.2 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Hoods (General Purpose and Chemical Hoods and Radioisotope Hoods Only)
80 3.9 BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETS (BSC)
3.9.1 COMPLIANCE
3.9.2 CABINET CLASSIFICATION
81 3.9.2.1 Class I Cabinets
82 3.9.2.2 Class II Cabinets
83 3.9.3 BIOLOGICAL SAFETY LEVEL 3 (BSL3)
3.10 DESIGN CRITERIA – AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
3.10.1 DUCT DESIGN – GENERAL
3.10.1.1 Compliance
84 3.10.1.2 Duct Materials
3.10.1.3 Duct Selection Criteria
3.10.1.4 Mandatory Requirement
3.10.1.5 Duct Pressure Classification
3.10.1.6 Flexible Ducts
3.10.1.7 Underground Ducts
85 3.10.1.8 Shielded Ducts
3.10.1.9 Minimum Duct Size
3.10.2 LIMITING DUCT SIZING PARAMETERS
95 4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 COOLING SYSTEMS – CHILLED WATER
4.2.1 CENTRAL CHILLED WATER PLANTS and SMALL CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS
4.2.1.1 General
4.2.1.2 Chilled Water Optimization Study – Central Plants and Small Systems
96 4.2.1.3 Central Chilled Water Plant Sizing
4.2.1.4 Maximum Chiller Capacity
4.2.1.5 Standby Chiller Capacity
4.2.1.6 Small Chilled Water Systems
97 4.2.1.7 Minimum System Volume – Small Chilled Water Systems
4.2.1.8 Minimum Performance Compliance (ASHRAE Standard 90.1 – 2007)
98 4.2.2 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
4.2.2.1 Chilled and Condenser Water Pumps
4.2.2.2 Cooling Towers
99 4.2.2.3 Water Treatment – Chilled Water System
4.2.2.4 Water Treatment – Condenser Water System
100 4.2.3 PIPING AND PUMPING ARRANGEMENT
4.2.3.1 Constant Volume System
4.2.3.2 Variable Flow Systems – Chilled Water
102 4.2.4 CHILLED WATER FREEZE PROTECTION – PROPYLENE GLYCOL
4.2.4.1 VA Policy
4.2.4.2 Freeze Protection Measures
4.3 COOLING SYSTEMS – DIRECT EXPANSION (DX)
4.3.1 GENERAL
103 4.3.2 SELECTION CRITERIA
4.3.3 DX SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.3.3.1 Refrigerant Piping
4.3.3.2 Multiple Compressors
4.3.3.3 System Controls
4.4 HEATING SYSTEMS
4.4.1 STEAM HEATING SYSTEM
4.4.1.1 General
4.4.1.2 Steam Pressure Classification
104 4.4.1.3 Steam Pressure Requirements
4.4.1.4 Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Stations – Selection Guidelines
105 4.4.1.5 Steam System Components and Procedures
107 4.4.2 HYDRONIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS
4.4.2.1 General
4.4.2.2 Hot Water Source – Steam
4.4.2.3 Hot Water Source – Hot Water Boilers
108 4.4.2.4 Hot Water Design Temperature
4.4.2.5 Fuel Selection
4.4.2.6 Hot Water Piping and Pumping
4.4.2.7 Freeze Protection – Hot Water
4.4.2.8 Terminal Units
109 4.4.3 ELECTRICAL HEATING SYSTEMS
4.4.3.1 General
4.4.3.2 Applications
4.4.3.3 Controls
4.4.4 GAS HEATING SYSTEMS
110 4.4.5 GEOTHERMAL HEATING
(a) General
(b) References
(c) Analysis
4.5 DESIGN CRITERIA – PIPING SYSTEMS
4.5.1 PIPE DESIGN – GENERAL
4.5.1.1 Pipe Selection Criteria
4.5.1.2 Minimum Pipe Size
4.5.1.3 Mandatory Requirements
111 4.5.1.4 Miscellaneous Requirements
4.5.2 LIMITING PIPE SIZING PARAMETERS
120 Table 4-A2 – Properties of Propylene Glycol Solutions
121 Table 4-A3 – Effect of Propylene Glycol Solutions
127 5.1 GENERAL
5.2 BASIC DESIGN
5.2.1 NEW FACILITY OR RENOVATION
5.2.1.1 Option 1
5.2.1.2 Option 2
128 5.2.1.3 Option 3
5.2.1.4 Option 4
5.2.1.5 Option 5
5.3 BACNET CONTROLLER IDENTIFICATION
5.4 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
5.4.1 CONTROL ACTUATORS
5.4.2 CONTROL VALVES
5.4.3 CONTROL DAMPERS
129 5.4.4 END-SWITCHES
5.4.5 SAFETIES
5.4.6 CONTROL WIRING
5.4.7 AIR FLOW MEASURING STATIONS
5.4.8 PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)
5.4.9 LAPTOP COMPUTER
5.4.10 SOFTWARE
130 5.4.11 COLOR GRAPHICS
5.4.12 SPREADSHEETS
5.4.13 SECURITY
5.4.14 STATUS MONITORING
5.4.15 ROOM TEMPERATURE SENSORS
5.5 HUMIDITY SENSORS
5.5.1 METERING REQUIREMENTS
5.6 SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
5.6.1 GENERAL
5.6.2 AIRSIDE CONTROLS
131 5.6.2.1 Air-Handling Units
132 5.6.2.2 Individual Room Temperature or Pressure Control
5.6.3 HEATING SYSTEM CONTROLS
133 5.6.4 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM CONTROLS
134 5.6.5 NON-DDC CONTROLS
5.7 DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
5.7.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND CONTROL SEQUENCE
5.7.2 POINT LIST
153 6.1 GENERAL
6.2 DEDICATED AIR-HANDLING UNITS
154 6.3 COMMON (NON-DEDICATED) AIR-HANDLING UNITS
6.3.1 COMMON ROOMS
6.3.1.1 Patient Examination, Treatment, and Procedure Rooms
6.3.1.2 Non Patient Rooms – Support Areas
155 6.3.1.3 Non Patient Rooms – Miscellaneous Areas
6.4 GENERAL NOTES
6.4.1 INDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS
6.4.1.1 Common Design Conditions
156 6.4.2 AIR BALANCE
6.4.2.1 Definitions
157 6.4.2.2 Design Considerations
158 6.4.3 INDIVIDUAL ROOM CONTROL
6.4.3.1 Individual Room Control
6.4.4 EXHAUST CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATION ON ROOM DATA SHEETS
271 Table 7-2: XE “dew-point hours:high humidity areas” HIGH HUMIDITY LOCATIONS
272 Table 7-3: XE “dew-point hours:low humidity areas” LOW HUMIDITY LOCATIONS
275 8.1 ABBREVIATIONS
277 8.2 REFERENCES

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