{"id":434073,"date":"2024-10-20T07:42:10","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T07:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-iec-61400-21-22023\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T14:37:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T14:37:12","slug":"bs-en-iec-61400-21-22023","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-iec-61400-21-22023\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN IEC 61400-21-2:2023"},"content":{"rendered":"
IEC 61400-21-2 – Wind energy generation systems – Measurement and assessment of electrical characteristics – Wind power plants – has the following scope: IEC 61400-21-2 defines and specifies the quantities that shall be determined to characterize the electrical characteristics of grid-connected power plants (PP). IEC 61400-21-2 defines the measurement and test procedures for quantifying the electrical characteristics as basis for the verification of compliance of PP, including: – Power quality aspects – Steady state operation – Dynamic response (undervoltage and overvoltage fault ride-through) – Disconnection from grid (Grid protection) – Control performance IEC 61400-21-2 defines a uniform functionality test and measurement procedure for the power plant controller (PPC), as a basis for the unit test of the power plant controller. IEC 61400-21-2 defines the procedures for assessing compliance with electrical connection requirements, including the aggregation methods for power quality aspects such as voltage variations, flicker, harmonics and interharmonics. IEC 61400-21-2 defines the procedures for measurement and fault recording for the verification of power plant electrical simulation models in relation to undervoltage and overvoltage ride through events. These measurement procedures are valid for power plants, including the power plant controller and other connected equipment, necessary for the operation of the Power Plant. The measurement procedures are valid for any size of power plant connected to the point of connection (POC) at one connection point. The procedures for assessing and verifying the compliance with grid connection requirements are valid for power plants in power systems with fixed frequency and a sufficient short-circuit power. Out of the scope of this standard are: – Multi park control, i.e. cluster management of several power plants (PP) or several connection points – Compliance test and performance requirements, including pass or fail criteria – Specific component test and validation of the PP equipment (switchgear, cables, transformers, etc.), which are covered by other IEC standards – Wind power plant model validation, as defined in the IEC 61400-27-2 – Load flow calculation methods and load flow study guidelines – Test and measurement of the communication interface and system of the PP as defined in the IEC 61400-25 series NOTE For the purposes of this document, the following terms for system voltage apply, based on IEC 60038 Low voltage (LV) refers to 100 V < Un \u2264 1 kV; Medium voltage (MV) refers 106 to 1 kV < Un \u2264 35 kV; High voltage (HV) refers to 35 kV < Un \u2264 230 kV; Extra high voltage (EHV) refers to Un > 230 kV<\/p>\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
5<\/td>\n | Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
7<\/td>\n | English CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
14<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
16<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
18<\/td>\n | 1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
19<\/td>\n | 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
20<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
24<\/td>\n | Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Example of step response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
30<\/td>\n | 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 4.1 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
32<\/td>\n | 4.2 Abbreviated terms 5 Power plant specifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
34<\/td>\n | 6 Overall test and documentation requirements 6.1 General Figure 2 \u2013 Example of a PP setup <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
35<\/td>\n | Tables Table 1 \u2013 Overview of measurements and their requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
36<\/td>\n | 6.2 Test conditions, monitoring and reporting requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
38<\/td>\n | 6.3 Test conditions in the case of external influences 6.4 Test and measurement equipment 6.4.1 General 6.4.2 Voltage, current and power calculations 6.4.3 Measurement equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
39<\/td>\n | 6.4.4 Existing measurement equipment for power control tests 6.4.5 Optional measurements 6.5 Functional and performance test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
40<\/td>\n | 6.6 Power plant controller 6.6.1 General 6.6.2 Definition and requirements Figure 3 \u2013 General structure of a PPC for reactive power control within a power plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
41<\/td>\n | 6.6.3 Measurement points Figure 4 \u2013 General structure of a PPC for active power control within a power plant Figure 5 \u2013 Illustration of the PPC as a black box with in- and outputs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
42<\/td>\n | 6.6.4 Measurement data 6.6.5 Test setup Figure 6 \u2013 Illustration of the PPC with the internal system data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
43<\/td>\n | 6.6.6 Documentation Figure 7 \u2013 Illustration of a complete test setup Table 2 \u2013 Description and general requirements of the HIL test functional <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
44<\/td>\n | 7 Measurement and test of electrical characteristics 7.1 General 7.2 Power quality aspects 7.2.1 General 7.2.2 Flicker during continuous operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
45<\/td>\n | 7.2.3 Rapid voltage changes due to switching operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
46<\/td>\n | 7.2.4 Harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
48<\/td>\n | 7.3 Steady state operation 7.3.1 General 7.3.2 Unbalance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
49<\/td>\n | 7.4 Dynamic performance 7.4.1 Undervoltage and overvoltage ride-through (UVRT and OVRT) capability 7.4.2 Test setup and test conditions 7.4.3 Test and measurement procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
50<\/td>\n | Table 3 \u2013 List of recorded signals Table 4 \u2013 List of electrical signals to be monitored for the evaluation of events <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
51<\/td>\n | 7.4.4 Documentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
52<\/td>\n | 7.5 Disconnection from grid 7.5.1 Grid protection Figure 8 \u2013 Example of time series for the active and reactive current measured (M) and simulated (S) active and reactive current [1] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
53<\/td>\n | 7.5.2 Requirements of test devices 7.5.3 Grid protection test \u2013 PP level Table 5 \u2013 Maximum measurement uncertainties for the grid simulator <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
54<\/td>\n | 7.5.4 Grid protection test \u2013 PGU level 7.5.5 RoCoF 8 Control performance 8.1 General 8.2 Performance test 8.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
55<\/td>\n | 8.2.2 Active power control tests Table 6 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
56<\/td>\n | Figure 9 \u2013 Adjustment of active power reference value Figure 10 \u2013 Example of active power response step <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
57<\/td>\n | 8.2.3 Controlled shutdown Table 7 \u2013 Accuracy of the active power control values Table 8 \u2013 Results from the active power dynamic response test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
58<\/td>\n | Table 9 \u2013 Example of list of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
59<\/td>\n | 8.2.4 Synthetic inertia response Figure 11 \u2013 Example of controlled shutdown Table 10 \u2013 Results of the emergency shutdown test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
60<\/td>\n | Table 11 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
61<\/td>\n | Figure 12 \u2013 Synthetic inertia \u2013 example response and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
62<\/td>\n | 8.2.5 Reactive power control Table 12 \u2013 Synthetic inertia settings Table 13 \u2013 Synthetic inertia test results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
63<\/td>\n | Table 14 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
64<\/td>\n | Figure 13 \u2013 Test for static error Figure 14 \u2013 Example of test of dynamic response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
65<\/td>\n | 8.2.6 Reactive power capability Table 15 \u2013 Test for static error Table 16 \u2013 Test for dynamic response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
66<\/td>\n | Table 17 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
67<\/td>\n | Figure 15 \u2013 Example of test of reactive power capability QP-chart Figure 16 \u2013 Example of reactive power capability UP-chartcorresponding to the QP-chart <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
68<\/td>\n | 8.3 Functionality tests 8.3.1 General 8.3.2 Active power ramp rate limitation test Table 18 \u2013 Example of reactive power capability QP-chart Table 19 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
69<\/td>\n | Figure 17 \u2013 Example of available active power and activepower in ramp rate limitation mode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
70<\/td>\n | 8.3.3 Priority of setpoints Table 20 \u2013 Active power ramp rate calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
71<\/td>\n | Figure 18 \u2013 Example of active power setpoint prioritization test Table 21 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
72<\/td>\n | 8.3.4 Frequency control Table 22 \u2013 Test results priority of setpoints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
73<\/td>\n | Table 23 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
74<\/td>\n | Figure 19 \u2013 PPC measured frequency feedback is replaced by a simulated frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
75<\/td>\n | Figure 20 \u2013 Example of an active power control function P = f(f), with the different measurement points and related steps of frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
77<\/td>\n | 8.3.5 Reactive power ramp rate limitation Table 24 \u2013 Example of test sequence for the frequency dependent active power function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
78<\/td>\n | Table 25 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
79<\/td>\n | Table 26 \u2013 Test procedure reactive power ramp rate limitation test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
80<\/td>\n | Figure 21 \u2013 Example of reactive power ramp rate limitation test Table 27 \u2013 Reactive power ramp rate calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
81<\/td>\n | 8.3.6 Voltage control Q(U)-characteristic Figure 22 \u2013 Example of the Q(U) characteristic with a 4 % slope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
82<\/td>\n | Table 28 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
83<\/td>\n | 8.3.7 Power factor control Table 29 \u2013 Voltage control Q(U) \u2013 slope test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
84<\/td>\n | Table 30 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
85<\/td>\n | Table 31 \u2013 Example of power factor control test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
86<\/td>\n | 8.3.8 Communication error\/fallback scenarios Figure 23 \u2013 Example of possible PP communication faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
87<\/td>\n | Table 32 \u2013 List of signals during test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
88<\/td>\n | Figure 24 \u2013 Example of graph for communication error test Table 33 \u2013 Example of communication error test \u2013 Failure on external interface Table 34 \u2013 Example of failure of PPC or communication between PPC and PGUs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
89<\/td>\n | 9 Assessment of power quality of power plants (PP) 9.1 General 9.2 Voltage fluctuations 9.2.1 Voltage change Table 35 \u2013 Example of failure of grid data measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
90<\/td>\n | 9.2.2 Flicker in continuous operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
91<\/td>\n | 9.2.3 Voltage change and flicker during switching operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
92<\/td>\n | 9.3 Current harmonics, interharmonics and higher frequency components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
93<\/td>\n | Table 36 \u2013 Specification of exponents according to IEC TR 61000-3-6 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
94<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative)Report template A.1 Overview A.2 Power plant specification and test conditions Table A.1 \u2013 General and nominal data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
95<\/td>\n | A.3 Power plant controller Table A.2 \u2013 General power plant capabilities and control functions Table A.3 \u2013 General test and report information Table A.4 \u2013 General test conditions and grid data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
96<\/td>\n | A.4 Power quality aspects Figure A.1 \u2013 Figure 25 \u2013 Voltage flicker Pst versus active power for normal operation Table A.5 \u2013 General test conditions and test setup Table A.6 \u2013 Flicker values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
97<\/td>\n | Figure A.2 \u2013 Voltage flicker Pst for background level Figure A.3 \u2013 Time series of three-phase voltages as RMS of PP starting Figure A.4 \u2013 Time series of three-phase currents as RMS of PP starting Figure A.5 \u2013 Time series of active and reactive power of PP starting Table A.7 \u2013 Rapid voltage changes due to switching operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
98<\/td>\n | Figure A.6 \u2013 Time series of three-phase voltages as RMS of PP stopping Figure A.7 \u2013 Time series of three-phase currents as RMS of PP stopping Figure A.8 \u2013 Time series of active and reactive power of PP stopping Table A.8 \u2013 General test information <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
99<\/td>\n | Table A.9 \u2013 99th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
100<\/td>\n | Table A.10 \u2013 99th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
102<\/td>\n | Table A.11 \u2013 99th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
103<\/td>\n | Table A.12 \u2013 95th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
104<\/td>\n | Table A.13 \u2013 95th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
106<\/td>\n | Table A.14 \u2013 95th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
107<\/td>\n | Table A.15 \u2013 99th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
108<\/td>\n | Table A.16 \u2013 99th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
110<\/td>\n | Table A.17 \u2013 99th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
111<\/td>\n | Table A.18 \u2013 95th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
112<\/td>\n | Table A.19 \u2013 95th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
113<\/td>\n | Table A.20 \u2013 95th percentile of 10 min harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
114<\/td>\n | Table A.21 \u2013 99th percentile of 3 s harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
116<\/td>\n | Table A.22 \u2013 99th percentile of 3 s harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
117<\/td>\n | Table A.23 \u2013 99th percentile of 3 s harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
118<\/td>\n | Table A.24 \u2013 99th percentile of 3 s harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
119<\/td>\n | Table A.25 \u2013 99th percentile of 3 s harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
121<\/td>\n | Table A.26 \u2013 99th percentile of 3 s harmonic magnitudes per week <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
122<\/td>\n | Figure A.9 \u2013 Maximum of the 99th percentiles of integerharmonic currents versus harmonic order Figure A.10 \u2013 Maximum of the 99th percentiles ofinterharmonic currents versus frequency Figure A.11 \u2013 Maximum of the 99th percentiles of higherfrequency current components versus frequency Figure A.12 \u2013 Maximum of the 95th percentiles of integerharmonic currents versus harmonic order <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
123<\/td>\n | Figure A.13 \u2013 Maximum of the 95th percentiles ofinterharmonic currents versus frequency Figure A.14 \u2013 Maximum of the 95th percentiles of higherfrequency current components versus frequency Figure A.15 \u2013 Maximum of the 99th percentiles of integerharmonic voltages versus harmonic order Figure A.16 \u2013 Maximum of the 99th percentiles ofinterharmonic voltages versus frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
124<\/td>\n | Figure A.17 \u2013 Maximum of the 99th percentiles of higherfrequency voltage components versus frequency Figure A.18 \u2013 Maximum of the 95th percentiles of integerharmonic voltages versus harmonic order Figure A.19 \u2013 Maximum of the 95th percentiles ofinterharmonic voltages versus frequency Figure A.20 \u2013 Maximum of the 95th percentiles of higherfrequency voltage components versus frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
125<\/td>\n | A.5 Steady state operation Figure A.21 \u2013 Current unbalance factor as a function of active power Figure A.22 \u2013 Voltage unbalance factor as a function of active power Table A.27 \u2013 Unbalance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
126<\/td>\n | A.6 Dynamic performance Figure A.23 \u2013 Time series: Instantaneous three-phase currents and voltages at the POC Figure A.24 \u2013 Time series: Positive and negative sequence of the active and reactive current Figure A.25 \u2013 Time series: Positive and negative sequence of the active and reactive power Table A.28 \u2013 General fault information of undervoltage andovervoltage ride-through (UVRT and OVRT) events\/recorda <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
127<\/td>\n | A.7 Disconnection from grid (grid protection) A.8 Performance test A.8.1 General A.8.2 Static error test Figure A.26 \u2013 Time series: Positive and negative sequence grid voltage at the POC Figure A.27 \u2013 Time series of available active power, measured active power output and reference values Table A.29 \u2013 Accuracy of the active power control values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
128<\/td>\n | A.8.3 Dynamic response test A.8.4 Controlled shutdown Figure A.28 \u2013 Time series of available active power, measured active power output and reference values Figure A.29 \u2013 Time series of available active power, measured active power output and reference values Table A.30 \u2013 Accuracy of the active power control values Table A.31 \u2013 Results of the emergency shutdown test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
129<\/td>\n | A.8.5 Synthetic inertia response Figure A.30 \u2013 Time-series of available active power, measured active power and reference value of the grid frequency for (test 1 and test 2) 0,25 \u00d7 Pn < P < 0,5 \u00d7 Pn Figure A.31 \u2013 Time-series of available active power, measured active power and reference value of the grid frequency for (test 3 and test 4) P > 0,8 \u00d7 Pn Figure A.32 \u2013 Time-series of available active power, measured active power and reference value of the grid frequency for (test 5 and test 6) v > vn <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
130<\/td>\n | Table A.32 \u2013 Synthetic inertia test results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
131<\/td>\n | A.8.6 Reactive power control Figure A.33 \u2013 Time-series of reactive power reference values and measured reactive power and grid voltage during the test of reactive power control Figure A.34 \u2013 Time-series of reactive power reference values and measured reactive power, grid voltage during the test of reactive power control Table A.33 \u2013 Test for static error <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
132<\/td>\n | A.8.7 Reactive power capability Figure A.35 \u2013 Zoom of step response (for all three-step responses) in the time-series of reactive power reference values and measured reactive power, grid voltage during the test of reactive power control Figure A.36 \u2013 Test of reactive power capability QP-chart Table A.34 \u2013 Test for dynamic response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
133<\/td>\n | A.9 Functionality tests A.9.1 Active power ramp rate limitation test Figure A.37 \u2013 Reactive power capability UP-chart corresponding to the QP-chart Figure A.38 \u2013 Time-series of available active power and active power in ramp rate limitation mode \u2013 Slow ramp rate Table A.35 \u2013 PQ-diagram <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
134<\/td>\n | A.9.2 Priority of setpoints Figure A.39 \u2013 Time-series of available active power and active power in ramp rate limitation mode \u2013 Fast ramp rate Figure A.40 \u2013 Time-series of active power setpoints, available power and active power Table A.36 \u2013 Active power ramp rate calculation \u2013 Slow ramp rate Table A.37 \u2013 Active power ramp rate calculation \u2013 Fast ramp rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
135<\/td>\n | A.9.3 Frequency control Figure A.41 \u2013 Time-series of active power setpoints, available power and active power Figure A.42 \u2013 Time-series of simulated frequency Table A.38 \u2013 Test results priority of setpoints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
136<\/td>\n | A.9.4 Reactive power ramp rate limitation Figure A.43 \u2013 Time series of reactive power setpoint, reactive power Table A.39 \u2013 Frequency dependent active power function results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
137<\/td>\n | A.9.5 Voltage control Q(U)-characteristic Figure A.44 \u2013 Time series of voltage \u2013 Reactive power, expectedreactive power for a given slope Table A.40 \u2013 Reactive power ramp rate calculation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
138<\/td>\n | A.9.6 Power factor control Figure A.45 \u2013 Time series of active power, reactive power,power factor and power factor reference Table A.41 \u2013 Voltage control Q(U) \u2013 slope test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
139<\/td>\n | Table A.42 \u2013 Power factor control test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
140<\/td>\n | A.9.7 Communication error \/ fallback scenarios Figure A.46 \u2013 Time-series of active power setpoint, active power and available power and failure time point (case 1 to case 3) Table A.43 \u2013 Communication error test \u2013 Failure on external interface (example) Table A.44 \u2013 Failure of PPC or communication between PPC and PGUs (example) Table A.45 \u2013 Failure of grid data measurement (example) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
141<\/td>\n | Figure A.47 \u2013 Graph for communication error test (example) Table A.46 \u2013 Communication error test \u2013 Failure on external interface (example) Table A.47 \u2013 Failure of PPC or communication between PPC and PGUs (example) Table A.48 \u2013 Failure of grid data measurement (example) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
142<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative)Harmonic evaluation B.1 Harmonic estimation at the point of interest B.2 Background harmonic distortion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
143<\/td>\n | B.3 Harmonic summation B.4 Harmonic propagation studies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
144<\/td>\n | B.5 PP harmonic contribution evaluation B.5.1 General B.5.2 Incremental PP harmonic contribution based on simulations B.5.3 PP electromagnetic compatibility analysis based on simulations Figure B.1 \u2013 Simplified representation for the PP connected to the externalgrid used for the estimation of incremental harmonic contribution at POC orany other point of interest <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
145<\/td>\n | B.5.4 Harmonic measurements at the POC Figure B.2 \u2013 Simplified representation of the PP for harmonic propagation studies including the harmonic background and PGU\u2019s non-ideal harmonic voltage source <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
146<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative)Validation procedure for PP Table C.1 \u2013 Recommended assessment methods forthe validation of the electrical capabilities of the PP <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
148<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative)Measurement accuracy Table D.1 \u2013 Voltage transducer (VT) in MV, HV and EHV <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
149<\/td>\n | Table D.2 \u2013 Current transducer (CT) in MV, HV und EHV <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
151<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Wind energy generation systems – Measurement and assessment of electrical characteristics. Wind power plants<\/b><\/p>\n |